Abstract: A shock-absorbing structure component has two cover layers and an intermediate layer that is arranged between them. The intermediate layer extends in an alternating form between the cover layers, with the material of the intermediate layer being selected such that it has a higher capacity elongation prior to breaking than that of the outer cover layer. The energy of an impact can thus be absorbed as the intermediate layer is stretched into a bag shape and the inner cover layer breaks off progressively.

Abstract: An impulse-absorbing structural component, particularly for an aircraft, has an impulse-absorbing layer and a covering layer applied thereto. The impulse-absorbing layer is made of a material that has a higher capacity for elongation at its breaking point than does the covering layer, and has a regular pattern of elevations and depressions. If a mass impacts on the covering layer, an intercept bag forms in the impulse-absorbing layer, and absorbs the kinetic energy of the mass. Viewed in the direction of the spread of the intercept bag, the structural component has structure beyond the impulse-absorbing layer, such that the formation of the intercept bag can take place without further interaction with the structural component.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the cooling of the bottom electrodes (1) of metallurgical melting vessels. To this end, a cooling plate (5) is situated beneath the support plate (2) on which the contact elements (3) are supported. The cooling plate is set apart from the support plate. This forms a cooling chamber (4) through which a cooling medium flows, the cooling effect of said medium being reinforced by cooling ribs (6). Said cooling ribs are situated in the cooling chamber (4) and are welded to the support plate (2) and preferably, also to the cooling plate (5).

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a means of also cooling the lower part of electric arc furnaces and/or resistance furnaces. To this end, said lower part—the actual melting vessel (4)—is surrounded with a jacket (9) at a certain distance, forming a shell, and the resulting intermediate space is configured as a cooling device (10) and subjected to the action of a cooling medium (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to the emptying of melting vessels (1) by tipping. According to the invention, the melting vessel (1) is placed on column-shaped bases (6). During the tipping process, the melting vessel (1) is raised at the side and the base supports (7) of the opposite side are used as the pivot or axis of rotation. This ensures that the discharge opening (4) and the slag overflow edge (5) are not moved very far from their original position.

Abstract: A structural element is provided with at least one light conduit which is arranged thereon under a selected mechanical initial stress. In this manner, the deformation or breakage can be detected at loads or deformations which are lower than the breaking loads or deformations of the component parts to be monitored.