Abstract: Catalyst materials for olefin metathesis reactions. The catalyst materials comprise a ruthenium phosphinimine complex. The ruthenium phosphinimine may be synthesized without bound N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or phosphine ligands, thereby providing significant advantageous in conversion, selectivity, and stability compared to existing ruthenium-based catalysts.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method is disclosed for determining a torque imposed on the rotatable shaft based on its torsional displacement, said apparatus comprising a rotatable shaft with at least four paired probes positioned at each end of the shaft to detect and compensate for motion induced errors. Paired first and second horizontal probes are positioned 180 degrees apart and paired first and second vertical probes are also positioned 180 degrees apart, in parallel planes perpendicular to the long axis of the shaft. In addition, the paired first and second horizontal probes, are positioned 90 degrees apart from the paired first and second vertical probes. If the shaft moves horizontally, the time of arrival detected by the first horizontal first and second probes will be later than a nominal value and the time of arrival for the second horizontal first and second probes will be earlier than a nominal value with the same amount of error.