Abstract: A method for provisioning a self-learning closed loop service is provided. The method includes receiving a representation of the self-learning closed loop service, the representation including a specification of one or more automation subservices, identifying, for each automation subservice of the representation, one or more utility measurement subservices that are compatible with the respective automation subservice and deploying an instance of the self-learning closed loop service based on the identification, wherein the instance includes a pairing of each automation subservice of the self-learning closed loop service with one or more compatible utility measurement subservices.

Abstract: There is provided a network apparatus configured to receive a request for data to be provided to an apparatus, the request comprising at least one diversity requirement for the requested data; solicit data using the at least one diversity requirement; receive the solicited data; and provide the solicited data to the apparatus.

Abstract: Various examples of embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for improving possibilities for saving energy in a network. One such example of an embodiment relates to an apparatus, which comprises means for deriving at least one energy saving measure involving at least one user equipment, wherein the energy saving measure comprises varying the quality of service for the at least one user equipment in order to adjust energy consumption in a network, and means for sending a notification comprising at least one derived energy saving measure to a network element.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or communication network control function acting as an operation and maintenance entity of a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to obtain energy type data related to an energy supply of at least a part of the communication network, to conduct a first mapping process of mapping the obtained energy type data to at least one network element or network function of the communication network or to at least one communication operation conducted in the communication network, and to process a result of the first mapping process for conducting a report operation or network optimization operation based on the energy type data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a plurality of local growing neural gas models from a plurality of distributed trainers, wherein a local growing neural gas model of the plurality of local growing neural gas models represents a local state model of at least one radio access network node; and training a global growing neural gas model based on the plurality of local growing neural gas models, wherein the global growing neural gas model represents a global state model of a plurality of radio access network nodes.

Abstract: A method for provisioning a self-learning closed loop service is provided. The method includes receiving a representation of the self-learning closed loop service, the representation including a specification of one or more automation subservices, identifying, for each automation subservice of the representation, one or more utility measurement subservices that are compatible with the respective automation subservice and deploying an instance of the self-learning closed loop service based on the identification, wherein the instance includes a pairing of each automation subservice of the self-learning closed loop service with one or more compatible utility measurement subservices.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method. The method may include receiving, by a network node, at least one packet of a sub-flow of a multipath transport control protocol connection associated with user plane traffic, the at least one packet including a header, the header further including a multipath transport control protocol option; and switching, by the network node, the sub-flow by at least changing the multipath transport control protocol option. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, computer program, and method for causing a first network apparatus, to perform: receiving, from a data registry, information about a form of a data type registered as being output by a non-real time Radio Access Network Intelligent Controller application, rApp; receiving, from the rApp, a data output; and using said information and the data output to perform at least one of: a first determination that determines that the registered data type is inconsistent in form with the data output; and a second determination that determines that the data output comprises invalid values; and signalling an indication of the result of said first and/or second determination to a second network apparatus.

Abstract: Converting each log of a sequence of N logs into an identifier among K different identifiers to obtain a sequence of N identifiers; for each n between 0 and N: for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the first n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a front frequency of the identifier for the respective n; and for each K identifier: counting occurrences of the identifier among the last N?n identifiers of the sequence to obtain a rear frequency of the identifier for the respective n; arranging front frequencies and rear frequencies in a count vector; inputting the count vector an autoencoder to obtain an output vector for the respective n; determining a difference between the output vector and the count vector; marking the sequence as anomalous if the difference between the output vector and the count vector is larger than a threshold.

Abstract: A method includes connecting, by a terminal device, in a protocol data unit session establishment procedure, to at least one master node and at least one network node that provides a proxy for at least one connection of the terminal device, and establishing a master multipath transmission control protocol sub-flow. The method includes receiving, at a multipath transmission control layer, a notification that includes at least one multipath transmission control segment with an add address option that advertises an internet protocol interface address of at least one of the proxy and the at least one network node, and establishing a secondary multipath transmission control protocol sub-flow to the internet protocol interface address in response to receiving the notification.

Abstract: There is provided a network apparatus configured to receive a request for data to be provided to an apparatus, the request comprising at least one diversity requirement for the requested data; solicit data using the at least one diversity requirement; receive the solicited data; and provide the solicited data to the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for anomaly detection, the apparatus comprising means for: Collecting a plurality of log messages from a data processing system, log messages comprising textual content and numeric attributes, Classifying the plurality of log messages into a plurality of clusters as a function of a number of the numeric attributes in the log messages, such that the log messages within a cluster have a given number of the numeric attributes, For at least one of the clusters, computing at least one encoding vector associated to a numeric attribute, Computing a combined semantic embedding vector from the textual contents of the plurality of log messages, Combining the at least one encoding vector with the combined semantic embedding vector into a final encoding vector, and Feeding the final encoding vector to an anomaly detection module intended to detect an anomaly in the data processing system.

Abstract: A method and system for verifying the results from a machine learning (ML) model hosted by a machine learning as a service (MLaaS) for a MLaaS consumer (MLC), including: receiving a request for benchmark samples from a MLC for the ML model; generating one-time use benchmark samples and benchmark outputs for the ML model; transmitting the benchmark samples to the MLC; receiving from the MLC outputs from the ML model on the benchmark samples; comparing the MLC outputs on the benchmark samples with the generated benchmark outputs to verify the ML model outputs; and sending a verification message to the MLC based on verification.

Abstract: There is provided a method in a cellular communication network, the method comprising: upon detecting that a terminal device has or is going to have a mobility condition previously determined to be associated with a handover anomaly or failure, determining terminal device specific handover parameters for said terminal device to avoid said handover anomaly or failure; and causing utilizing said terminal device specific handover parameters in one or more handovers associated with the terminal device.

Abstract: A method and system for verifying the results from a machine learning (ML) model hosted by a machine learning as a service (MLaaS) for a MLaaS consumer (MLC), including: receiving a request for benchmark samples from a MLC for the ML model; generating one-time use benchmark samples and benchmark outputs for the ML model; transmitting the benchmark samples to the MLC; receiving from the MLC outputs from the ML model on the benchmark samples; comparing the MLC outputs on the benchmark samples with the generated benchmark outputs to verify the ML model outputs; and sending a verification message to the MLC based on verification.

Abstract: Communication systems may benefit from more accurate information regarding the passage of data through a network. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from throughput guidance based on user plane insight and optional radio channel information. A method can include monitoring the bandwidth available on at least one of a per data bearer, per application or per transmission control protocol flow basis. The method can also include providing throughput guidance to an entity configured to attempt at least one of transmission control protocol or content level optimization. The throughput guidance can be configured to assist the entity in attempting the at least one of the transmission control protocol or content level optimization.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for data collection coordination and persistent storage control for analytics. For example, certain embodiments may provide a unified data management framework that efficiently serves data collection and distribution needs and isolates a consumer from a producer. Further, some embodiments may provide for a reduction or elimination of unnecessary data storage in a data repository used in association with the data management framework provided by certain embodiments. Specifically, certain embodiments may allow a consumer entity that is requesting specific data to specify whether the data is to be kept in persistent storage in a data repository. The consumer entity, when requesting data, may send an indication that data is to be provided to the consumer entity only, that data is to be provided to the data repository only, or that the data is to be provided to the data repository and the consumer entity.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method. The method may include receiving, by a network node, at least one packet of a sub-flow of a multipath transport control protocol connection associated with user plane traffic, the at least one packet including a header, the header further including a multipath transport control protocol option; and switching, by the network node, the sub-flow by at least changing the multipath transport control protocol option. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

Abstract: There is provided a solution for handling vehicle-to-everything messages in an access node of a cellular communication system. According to an aspect, a method comprises: processing, by the access node, cellular access messages according to a cellular communication protocol stack and delivering, by the access node, the cellular access messages between a terminal device and a core network of the cellular communication system; and processing, by the access node, vehicle-to-everything messages according to a sidelink communication protocol stack of vehicle-to-everything communications and delivering, by the access node, the vehicle-to-everything messages between at least one vehicular terminal device and an application server.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods and apparatuses for multi-vehicle maneuver and impact analyses.