Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting watermarks or other marks made along a web of paper at regular intervals. The watermarks are detected by a video camera activated by a frame grabbing pulse in a control loop. The video for each frame grab pulse signal is digitized and processed to detect the watermark and to measure its position within the frame. The error between the measured position and a frame reference is used to adjust the value of a parameter (NEWCOUNT) representing the distance or pitch between successive watermarks. This value is in turn used to determine the moment of the next or a succeeding frame grab pulse. All timing is done in terms of measured length of web run by measuring pulses from an encoder. The control loop acts to track variations in the watermark pitch.

Abstract: A watermarked paper sheet for use in a xerographic ion deposition or magnetographic printing process, in which the sheet has print receiving and reverse sides, the print receiving side of the sheet having a surface resistivity of between 5.times.10.sup.10 and 5.times.10.sup.12 ohms per square and a Bendsten roughness of not more than 300 milliliters, and the reverse side being formed with a watermark.