Abstract: The invention provides smilagenin in novel amorphous, crystalline, hydrated and solvated forms, and the use thereof in manufacturing pharmaceutical or edible grade smilagenin and its derivatives.

Abstract: A method to stereospecifically prepare a steroidal sapogenin or a derivative thereof by reducing a 3-keto,5?-H steroidal sapogenin with a hindered organoborane or an organo-aluminium hydride. A 3?-hydroxy,5?-H steroidal sapogenin or derivative thereof may be prepared by reducing the 3-keto,5?-H steroidal sapogenin using as reducing agent a relatively highly hindered organoborane reagent or by SN 2 inversion of a 3?-hydroxy,5?-H steroidal sapogenin or derivative thereof. The organo-aluminium hydride may be used to prepare a 3?,5?-H steroidal sapogenin or derivative thereof. The invention provides a convenient route to useful steroidal sapogenins such as sarsasapogenin, episarsasapogenin, smilagenin, epismilagenin and esters thereof, from readily available or easily preparable starting materials (e.g. diosgenone, preparable from diosgenin).