Abstract: An apparatus and method for the rigid connection of two hollow posts (7?, 7?) in a line. The apparatus comprises an expandable load bearing body (4) together with a means for expanding the body laterally in two dimensions within the ends of two hollow posts (7?, 7?). In one embodiment, the expansion means comprise threaded bores (8), set screws (2?, 2?) and contact pads (5) configured to spread the expansive forces within the inside surface of hollow posts (7?, 7?) in two dimensions. Methods for connecting two hollow posts using the apparatus are also described.

Abstract: A tool for exerting pulling forces for extracting a large headed stake which has been driven into the ground. The tool may have an elongated body bearing a handle at one end and two offset projections for abutting the large head of the stake at the other end. The projections are configured to present abutting surfaces when the tool is generally aligned parallel to the stake and also when the tool is aligned perpendicularly to the stake. The tool may be used in an impacting mode and alternatively in a prying mode. The handle can engage one end of a lever to develop increased pulling force.