Abstract: A method for determining a temperature of a fluid flowing through a pipe section includes: determining a temperature of the pipe section; obtaining a reference temperature at a distance from a surface of the pipe section; determining a heat transfer behaviour, in particular a thermal resistance, of a boundary layer of the fluid on an inner wall of the pipe section based on at least one material property and/or at least one value of a state variable of the fluid; and determining the temperature of the fluid based on the heat transfer behaviour of the boundary layer, a heat transfer behavior, in particular a thermal resistance, of the pipe section, the temperature of the pipe section, and the reference temperature.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for determining a temperature of a medium via a temperature of a measuring point on a surface surrounding the medium includes: at least one measuring sensor; at least one reference sensor; and a measurement value processing means, which is connected via a first supply line to the at least one measuring sensor and via a second supply line to the at least one reference sensor. The first and second supply lines each are mineral-insulated sheathed lines with an outer sheath of metal, the outer sheath enclosing at least two inner conductors which are insulated from the outer sheath with highly compressed metal oxide powder. The at least one measuring sensor is connected to the at least two inner conductors of the first supply line and the at least one reference sensor is connected to the at least two inner conductors of the second supply line.

Abstract: A method for testing a temperature measuring instrument is presented, where the instrument includes at least one sensor that changes its electrical resistance, and/or an electrical voltage that it produces, in response to being exposed to a change in temperature, and where the instrument is configured to be coupled to an object of interest. The method includes changing the temperature of at least one sensor by an amount that is detectable given the measurement resolution of the at least one sensor, by driving an electrical manipulation current through this sensor; obtaining one or measurement values from at least one sensor; and evaluating a state of the measuring instrument, a state of one or more of its sensors, and/or a state of a coupling to an object of interest, from the one or more measurement values.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for determining a medium temperature by a temperature of a measuring point on a surface enclosing the medium includes: at least one measuring sensor; at least one reference sensor; and a measured value processing device which is connected via a cable to the at least one measuring sensor and via a cable to the at least one reference sensor. The at least one measuring sensor and the at least one reference sensor are arranged along a main thermal connection path between the surface enclosing the medium and surroundings. The at least one measuring sensor is arranged close to the measuring point. A thermal resistance between a relevant measuring sensor and the at least one reference sensor is smaller than a thermal resistance between a relevant reference sensor and the surroundings.

Abstract: A method for testing a temperature measuring instrument is presented, where the instrument includes at least one sensor that changes its electrical resistance, and/or an electrical voltage that it produces, in response to being exposed to a change in temperature, and where the instrument is configured to be coupled to an object of interest. The method includes changing the temperature of at least one sensor by an amount that is detectable given the measurement resolution of the at least one sensor, by driving an electrical manipulation current through this sensor; obtaining one or measurement values from at least one sensor; and evaluating a state of the measuring instrument, a state of one or more of its sensors, and/or a state of a coupling to an object of interest, from the one or more measurement values.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for determining a temperature of a medium via a temperature of a measuring point on a surface surrounding the medium includes: at least one measuring sensor; at least one reference sensor; and a measurement value processing means, which is connected via a first supply line to the at least one measuring sensor and via a second supply line to the at least one reference sensor. The first and second supply lines each are mineral-insulated sheathed lines with an outer sheath of metal, the outer sheath enclosing at least two inner conductors which are insulated from the outer sheath with highly compressed metal oxide powder. The at least one measuring sensor is connected to the at least two inner conductors of the first supply line and the at least one reference sensor is connected to the at least two inner conductors of the second supply line.

Abstract: A method for determining a temperature of a fluid flowing through a pipe section includes: determining a temperature of the pipe section; obtaining a reference temperature at a distance from a surface of the pipe section; determining a heat transfer behaviour, in particular a thermal resistance, of a boundary layer of the fluid on an inner wall of the pipe section based on at least one material property and/or at least one value of a state variable of the fluid; and determining the temperature of the fluid based on the heat transfer behaviour of the boundary layer, a heat transfer behavior, in particular a thermal resistance, of the pipe section, the temperature of the pipe section, and the reference temperature.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for determining a medium temperature by a temperature of a measuring point on a surface enclosing the medium includes: at least one measuring sensor; at least one reference sensor; and a measured value processing device which is connected via a cable to the at least one measuring sensor and via a cable to the at least one reference sensor. The at least one measuring sensor and the at least one reference sensor are arranged along a main thermal connection path between the surface enclosing the medium and surroundings. The at least one measuring sensor is arranged close to the measuring point. A thermal resistance between a relevant measuring sensor and the at least one reference sensor is smaller than a thermal resistance between a relevant reference sensor and the surroundings.

Abstract: A measuring device for determining the temperature of a medium in a container or a pipe has at least one temperature sensor, arranged on the outside of a container or pipe wall; an output for the temperature registered thereby; and an output for the measurement result obtained thereby. The device connects at least one first differentiator, capable of determining at least one first derivative of the progression over time of the temperature registered by the temperature sensor; at least one first multiplier for multiplying the derivative by a first factor which is a value for the time constant of the heat transfer through the wall; and at least one adder, between the output of the temperature sensor and the output of the measuring device.

Abstract: A measuring device for determining the temperature of a medium in a container or a pipe has at least one temperature sensor, arranged on the outside of a container or pipe wall; an output for the temperature registered thereby; and an output for the measurement result obtained thereby. The device connects at least one first differentiator, capable of determining at least one first derivative of the progression over time of the temperature registered by the temperature sensor; at least one first multiplier for multiplying the derivative by a first factor which is a value for the time constant of the heat transfer through the wall; and at least one adder, between the output of the temperature sensor and the output of the measuring device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuous analysis of the transmission quality in fieldbus networks in automation systems with a plurality of fieldbus participants, which communicate with one another over the fieldbus network. Directly measurable logical and physical bus parameters are recorded from the line signal transmitted over the fieldbus network, and are stored with a predefinable retrospectivity. Operational parameters are derived from the measured bus parameters, these being weighted and the weighted bus parameters being linked together to form the operational parameter. The quantitative weighting of a bus parameter is functionally determined by at least one other bus parameter.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuous analysis of the transmission quality in fieldbus networks in automation systems with a plurality of fieldbus participants, which communicate with one another over the fieldbus network. Directly measurable logical and physical bus parameters are recorded from the line signal transmitted over the fieldbus network, and are stored with a predefinable retrospectivity. Operational parameters are derived from the measured bus parameters, these being weighted and the weighted bus parameters being linked together to form the operational parameter. The quantitative weighting of a bus parameter is functionally determined by at least one other bus parameter.