Abstract: A toner process comprising (a) providing at least one amphiphilic block copolymer prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization comprising: dissolving a hydrophilic monomer in water; adding a hydrophobic monomer; adding a feed initiator to produce a colloidal dispersion of amphiphilic block copolymer; and optionally, discharging the amphiphilic block copolymer; (b) contacting one or more of a latex polymer, a wax; and a colorant with the colloidal dispersion of amphiphilic block copolymer to form a blend; or contacting the discharged amphiphilic block copolymer with one or more of a latex polymer, a wax dispersion, and a colorant dispersion, and forming a further dispersion; (c) heating the blend or further dispersion at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the latex polymer to form aggregated toner particles; (d) adding a coalescing agent to the toner particles thereby coalescing the toner particles; and (e) recovering the toner particles.

Abstract: The disclosure provides robust phase inversion emulsification (PIE) processes, which produces polyester latex particles having particle size distributions with high centering capability indexes (Cpk), for the preparation of toners of good quality.

Abstract: The disclosure provides robust phase inversion emulsification (PIE) processes, which produces polyester latex particles having particle size distributions with high centering capability indexes (Cpk), for the preparation of toners of good quality.

Abstract: The disclosure provides robust phase inversion emulsification (PIE) processes, which produces polyester latex particles having particle size distributions with high centering capability indexes (Cpk), for the preparation of toners of good quality.