Abstract: The invention consists of a cost-effective process and facilities for obtaining high quality drinking water and high-grade brine as a chemical raw material from raw water regardless of how much salt it contains. When combined with a thermal power-generation process, the plant also produces electric power with a fuel utilization of over 85%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a galvanosorptive reaction cell with closed substance circulation for the conversion of low temperature heat, preferably of waste heat into useful electrical work. The reaction cell and the accompanying isobaric substance circuit are presented. The galvanosorptive reaction process inside the cell is carried out polytropically with an electrostatic auxiliary voltage, which is superimposed onto the inherent voltage of the cell. In this way, not only free but, with cooling of the reaction system, also substance-bound reaction work can be extracted from the reaction system. The electrical energy yield and the power density of galvanosorptive reaction cell are thereby increased many times over.

Abstract: The invention consists of an energy-saving circuit for rectification columns in continuously operated distillation plants and various embodiments of this circuit. Both the total dephlemation heat and the total waste heat of the depleted solution stream can be simultaneously utilized for preheating enriched initial solution by using this circuit, over a wide range of separations.This heat recovery is possible using a parallel-flow dephlegmator whose vapor sides are connected in parallel to the rectification column enrichment section and which is preferably cooled by a portion of the cold enriched initial solution stream. From a partial stream of the vapor mixture existing at the beginning of the rectification column stripping section, product vapor of the required purity and condensate reflux for the vapor side of the unloaded column enrichment section are obtained simultaneously, in this manner.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for quantity controlled, continuous liquid exchange in distillation and absorption refrigerant circuits.In the method on the one hand the pressure of a volumetric liquid flow, to be supplied to the high pressure zone at a defined rate, of enriched starting solution is raised from a low level to a high pressure level, while on the other hand the mutually separated liquid flows (which in sum are equal in amount) to be removed from the high pressure zone, of the product condensate and of the depleted solution, are transferred from a high pressure level to a low pressure level. In a solution exchange apparatus the method utilizes mechanical energy of the liquid flows (which are to be depressurized and to be removed from the apparatus) and only requires a small external boosting device to overcome internal frictional and intercomponent leakage.

Abstract: The invention deals with a process for the energy-saving automatic control of the concentration of evaporating coolant mixtures, especially of water-containing ammonia solutions in evaporators of refrigerating machines and heat pumps based on the absorption principle, together with different embodiments for carrying out the process. The process makes possible the combined utilization of the vaporization potential of the solution outflow and the cooling potential of the cold vapor withdrawn for subcooling the condensate feed, while selecting the minimum temperature difference between the subcooled not-yet-depressurized condensate feed and the boiling coolant mixture in the evaporator as the control variable for process automatization. This temperature difference is independent of the saturation pressure of the boiling coolant mixture and can be maintained constant for every evaporator load point to obtain an energy-saving solution outflow.