Abstract: A redirection of a URL page request may be performed by monitoring an upstream path from a subscriber to the internet through an ISP. When a URL page request is detected from a subscriber for whom a redirection is required, a redirection device generates a single TCP packet response that mimics a response from the intended destination server. The single TCP packet includes a set FIN bit that closes any active session with the destination server to prevent the subscriber from accepting packets from the destination server.

Abstract: A method for providing watermark to subscribers is provided. The method comprises observing a request for a first content from a subscriber, determining if the subscriber can receive a watermark, generating a second content comprising the watermark if the subscriber can receive a watermark, causing the subscriber to fetch the first content, and causing the subscriber to fetch the second content comprising the watermark overlaying the first content.

Abstract: A communication system includes a data network that is coupled to various nodes, including routers. In one example arrangement, a first router is part of a first local network and a second router is part of a second local network. Each router includes a security gateway module and a keep-alive module. The security gateway module is capable of establishing a secure link, such as one according to an Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) protocol, over the data network. The keep-alive module sends one or more ping messages over the secure link to the remote router (or a node coupled to the router), which responds with appropriate ping replies to indicate that a link is alive.