Abstract: A revolving drum containing a rolling element is provided that includes a member for the cleaning of the inner wall areas of the revolving drum which has at least two cleaning zones. The cleaning zones include projecting cleaning elements and lie in tandem in an axial direction of the revolving drum. They include a fastening apparatus disposed on a front end pointing toward the infeed side of the drum and include a revolving articulation by which the rolling element can be fastened to a non-revolving component of a head of the revolving drum. The cleaning zones comprise generated surfaces of the revolving drum which are at an angle to one another.

Abstract: A revolving drum containing a rolling element is provided that includes a member for the cleaning of the inner wall areas of the revolving drum which has at least two cleaning zones. The cleaning zones include projecting cleaning elements and lie in tandem in an axial direction of the revolving drum. They include a fastening apparatus disposed on a front end pointing toward the infeed side of the drum and include a revolving articulation by which the rolling element can be fastened to a non-revolving component of a head of the revolving drum. The cleaning zones comprise generated surfaces of the revolving drum which are at an angle to one another.

Abstract: With this rotating cylinder driven on the outer periphery and running on rollers with pipes or connections that are provided in the area of the rotating cylinder heads connected to the rotating cylinder ends for product intake, product gas removal, and solid matter discharge for thermal treatment, low-temperature carbonization or pyrolysis of liquid or solid substances or mixed phases by indirect heating, to improve the sealing function and increase the service life of the sealing packings there is provided between the driven and the stationary parts of the rotating cylinder on both the intake and the discharge side a floating slide ring sealing system. A nonpositive frame structure for each makes possible a revolving joint between the rotating cylinder and the two stationary rotating cylinder heads connected with the pipes or connections.

Abstract: Liquid phase hydrogenation of the liquid products of the low temperature carbonization of waste yields products which are free of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The hydrogenation may be catalyzed by the low temperature coke produced in the low temperature carbonization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for feeding carbonaceous materials into pressurized reaction spaces where partial oxidation or hydrogenation occurs. The feed is compressed into a strand material in a rotable screw conveyor which strand is disintegrated by fluid media.

Abstract: In a first condensation stage (which is on the rising current end of the low-temperature carbonization drum and the equipment for which is integrated) quenching is done with a cooled low-temperature carbonization oil fraction containing solids. Simultaneously the whole discharge opening placed on the rising current end in the base region of the low-temperature carbonization drum for the volatile components of the low-temperature carbonization process is continuously scrubbed clean with the low-temperature carbonization oil fraction containing solids. Additionally, the volatile and liquid components are also drawn off simultaneously.

Abstract: A burner having feed ducts for homogeneous or heterogeneous reactants and a burner cooling chamber placed peripherally in the area of a burner head, the burner including, coolant feed and discharge ducts in communication with the burner cooling chamber, a burner lance positionable in a recess in the burner cooling chamber, and a lance for accommodating the feed of the reactants as far as the burner orifice wherein the burner cooling chamber extends over the burner orifice in a downstream direction, starting from a downstream side of the burner orifice, and tapers conically to a smaller cross section so as to form a truncated conical burner prechamber, open on a downstream side thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing synthesis gas from coal hydrogenation residues, wherein a coal hydrogenation residue is subjected to a reduced pressure distillation in a one-shaft or multishaft worm apparatus where the gases and vapors evolved are withdrawn and the unvolatilized remaining material is re-pressurized and is then introduced into a gasification reaction.

Abstract: A method for low temperature carbonization of coal hydrogenation residues, wherein a coal hydrogenation residue is subjected to a reduced pressure distillation in a one-shaft or multishaft screw extruder, liberated gases and vapors are drawn off, and non-volatilized remaining material is subjected to low temperature carbonization in a screw extruder.

Abstract: The residues obtained in the hydrogenation of oil, especially heavy oil, or of coal are subjected to low temperature carbonization in a drum, preferably a rotary drum, at temperatures between approximately 400.degree. C. and approximately 600.degree. C., by means of a carbonization gas after the separation of the condensable portions and heating to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. which is introduced into the low temperature carbonization drum. The gas is heated to temperatures between approximately 600.degree. C. and approximately 950.degree. C. indirectly by flue gases arising from the combustion of oil or gas, for example, of excess carbonization gas. The residue to be carbonized at low temperature is introduced into the hot gas in a finely dispersed state and preferably atomized.

Abstract: The condensible parts are removed from the distillation gas of oil shale, a portion of the remaining amount of gas is removed and the rest is heated, e.g., by the combustion gas of the distillation residue and used without the addition of any more materials to distill oil shale. The installation for this consists of a distillation cyclone reactor, whose gas outlets are connected to an oil separator and whose tangential feed nozzles are connected by way of a blower and a heat exchanger to the oil separator.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen through the autothermal gasification of solid combustibles in a pressure reactor which comprises:introducing into a screw machine containing two parallely ordered shafts, a finely divided solid combustible, moistening and intimately mixing the solid combustible with 2 to 30% by weight of water, degasing and compressing the moist solid combustible to a pressure higher than that of the reactor, adding the gas-tight compressed and moist solid combustible to a reaction chamber-through a burner where the combustible is brought into contact with the gasification medium, thereby evaporating the water in the compressed and moist solid combustible and producing a comminuted dispersion of the solid combustible in the mixture of the gasification medium and water vapor;reacting the combustible dispersion to give a raw synthesis gas and removing the raw synthesis gas from the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus for introducing solid fuels into a pressure gasification reactor comprising at least one conveyor worm turnable in a housing for conveying finely divided fuel, optionally mixed with a binder, and compacting the fuel into a gas-tight plug which is discharged through a discharge opening leading to the pressure gasification reactor. The discharge opening is provided with a closure member and the housing has an outlet opening also provided with a closure member near the discharge opening. The outlet opening is open to the ambient atmosphere. The closure members of the discharge opening and the outlet opening are alternatively actuatable such that when one is open the other is closed.