Abstract: An LED module having an LED semiconductor chip mounted directly or indirectly on a platform. The platform is made from silicon and is extends laterally beyond the LED semiconductor chip having an active light emitting layer and a substrate. At least one electronic component that is part of the control circuitry for the LED semiconductor chip is integrated in the silicon platform.

Abstract: An LED module having an LED semiconductor chip mounted directly or indirectly on a platform. The platform is made from silicon and is extends laterally beyond the LED semiconductor chip having an active light emitting layer and a substrate. At least one electronic component that is part of the control circuitry for the LED semiconductor chip is integrated in the silicon platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a special two-step method for producing amines on the basis of amides by reacting them with halides or hypohalites in an aqueous solution in a Hofmann degradation reaction. The amide is reacted in an alkaline solution and/or suspension with halides or hypohalites and the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 is added to an aqueous alkaline solution having a temperature of at least 40° C.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules encoding fungal ?-glucuronidases are provided. Gene products, expression vectors and host cells suitable for expressing ?-glucuronidase are also provided. In addition, uses of the ?-glucuronidase as a visual and as a selectable marker for transformation are also described.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules encoding fungal ?-glucuronidases are provided. Gene products, expression vectors and host cells suitable for expressing ?-glucuronidase are also provided. In addition, uses of the ?-glucuronidase as a visual and as a selectable marker for transformation are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a special two-step method for producing amines on the basis of amides by reacting them with halides or hypohalites in an aqueous solution in a Hofmann degradation reaction. The amide is reacted in an alkaline solution and/or suspension with halides or hypohalites and the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 is added to an aqueous alkaline solution having a temperature of at least 40° C.

Abstract: Reacting weakly basic anion exchangers bearing tertiary amino groups with ethylene oxide under pH control and addition of acid leads to superior strongly basic anion exchangers.

Abstract: 2-Mercaptoalkylsulphides and 2-mercaptoalkylethers are obtained by the hydrazinolysis of 3-thiaalkylisothiuronium salts and 3-oxaalkylisothiuronium salts.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-amino-2-ethoxy-naphthalene-6-sulphonic acid from 2-hydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulphonic acid which comprises:A. contacting 2-hydroxy-naphthalene-6-sulphonic acid with at least an equimolar amount of an alkali metal nitrite in aqueous solution or suspension in the presence of hydrochloric acid, solution or suspension having a pH in the range of 2 to 5 and being at a temperature of 0.degree. to 20.degree. C.;B. reducing the reaction product of step A in an aqueous suspension by contacting the same with excess iron in the presence of at least an equivalent amount of iron-II ions, relative to the reaction product obtained according to step A, in the presence of a mineral acid at a temperature from 50.degree. to 120.degree. C., and treating the thus-obtained reaction mixture with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of iron oxide;C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2-hydroxycarbazole of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, halogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or alkoxy radicalWhich comprises contacting a diphenylamine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 has the above-described meaning andR.sup.2 represents halogenWith a base at an elevated temperature in water and/or an organic solvent or diluent.