Abstract: A photostimulable phosphor screen including a photostimulable phosphor and a transparent outermost layer with a thickness, d, larger than 150 &mgr;m for providing enhanced sharpness of an image obtained in portions with a higher spatial frequency than 2 line pairs per mm by applying a method for reading a radiation image stored in a photostimulable storage phosphor screen with a thick transparent outermost layer when the screen is stimulated through the transparent outermost layer and the stimulated light is read through the transparent outermost layer.

Abstract: A device in form of a practical and reusable card for personal monitoring of incident penetrating radiation energy and for reading said energy comprising a stimulable phosphor absorbing and storing said energy and being stimulable with a wavelength &lgr;a; an electroluminescent phosphor emitting, upon application of an electrical field, stimulation light with wavelength &lgr;a, said wavelength &lgr;a being different from the said incident penetrating radiation, and wherein said device is equipped with means in order to apply an electrical field on said electroluminescent phosphor and wherein said stimulable phosphor and said electroluminescent phosphor are positioned relative to each other so that said light emitted by said electroluminescent phosphor reaches said stimulable phosphor for stimulating said phosphor in order to release stimulated light.

Abstract: A device built-in in a housing and capable to determine a pressure force in a quantitative way has been provided, the device including a storage phosphor panel or plate having storage phosphors essentially having tribostimulable properties, thereby providing energy conversion of the phosphors by means of pressure force or pressure energy to be determined. The method of measuring the pressure energy has also been described.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a dose of penetrating radiation absorbed by an object, including the steps of providing the object with a device for absorbing penetrating radiation, including a storage phosphor for storing energy from the penetrating radiation; at predetermined intervals, coupling the storage phosphor to a source of stimulation light in such a way that the stimulation light impinges on the phosphor; activating the source of stimulation light so as to cause the storage phosphor to emit an amount of fluorescent light in proportion to an amount of stored energy; reading the amount of fluorescent light and converting it into an electric signal value; storing electric signal value(s) obtained at the predetermined intervals and processing them so as to evaluate a total amount of radiation absorbed by the object; comparing the total amount with a predefined threshold value for obtaining a difference value; and displaying the difference value on a decentralized display.

Abstract: A method has been provided of image formation, dosimetry or personal monitoring wherein said method comprises the steps of (a) storing energy in stimulable phosphors coated in one or more layers of said screen or panel; (b) converting said energy to emission energy and (c) detecting said energy, characterized in that said converting step proceeds by means of a source of pressure energy.

Abstract: A method for recording and reproducing a radiation image including the steps of (1) causing a radiation image storage panel containing a photostimulable phosphor to absorb penetrating radiation having passed through an object or having been radiated from an object, (2) exposing the image storage panel to stimulating rays to release the radiation energy stored therein as light emission and (3) detecting the emitted light, wherein the stimulating rays are emitted by an electroliuminescent element.

Abstract: A digital representation of a radiation image of an at least partially tubular object is obtained. An attenuation profile over a tangentially imaged wall of the object is taken from the digital image on a straight line. The attenuation profile is reflected in the direction of the center of the object and the attenuation profile is reconstructed to form a relative density distribution by means of a transmission tomography-projection reconstruction method in which the measured reflected attenuation profile is used for all record annular positions.

Abstract: A glass ceramic material for storing energy of X-rays and releasing said energy by photo-stimulation comprising a fluoride glass matrix containing micro-crystalline particles, said particles having an average particle size, d, so that d<2 &mgr;m and said glass ceramic shows in a XRD spectrum a continuous spectrum of said glass matrix and discrete peaks superimposed on said continuous spectrum. Said glass matrix contains preferably zirconium ions and ions selected from the group consisting of alkali ions and alkaline earth ions, at least 5 mole % of the fluoride ions is replaced by bromide and/or chloride ions and at least 0.01 mole % of cations selected from the group consisting of transition metal ions, rare earth metal ions, In+, Ga+, Tl+, and Pb2+ is present.

Abstract: A photostimulable phosphor screen comprising a photostimulable phosphor and a transparent outermost layer with a thickness, d, larger than 150 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Method for readout of a radiation image stored in a stored energy releasing phosphor comprising the steps of:

Abstract: Method to determine in a quantitative way stored amounts of radiation energy making use therefor from a personal monitor storing absorbed incident radiation energy in a storage phosphor panel storing radiation energy originating from radiation having a wavelength of 350 nm or less, wherein the panel is covered with an optical filter absorbing radiation having a wavelength of 350 nm or more during exposure and present in a housing, and from an apparatus for readout of the storage phosphor panel by the steps of entering the personal monitor in a read-out apparatus, removing optical filter covering the storage phosphor panel, adding stimulating energy to the storage phosphor panel, digitally detecting energy released from the storage phosphor panel by a detector and erasing stored rest energy.

Abstract: An elpasolite phosphor is provided corresponding to the general formula: A2−yB1+yMe3+X6:xD wherein: A=a monovalent ion B=a monovalent ion A is different from B Me3+=a trivalent ion D is a dopant X is at least one of F, Cl, Br and I 0≦y≦1 0≦x≦0.2 and wherein said phosphor has a specific gravity (sg)≧4. An elpasolite phosphor corresponding to the general formula above is especially useful in the production of prompt emitting X-ray screens and in the production of X-ray energy storage screens.

Abstract: A method for checking whether an article has been inspected by penetrating radiation is described, wherein the article is provided with a heat stimulable storage phosphor whereby penetrating radiation leaves a human- or machine-readable semi-permanent or permanent mark. The article is irradiated in order that both the article and the stimulable storage phosphor are irradiated. The article is checked by heating the storage phosphor, releasing flourescent light and detecting the flourescent light by human eye.

Abstract: A method of obtaining an electrical representation of a radiation image by means of at least one CCD sensor. A stimulable phosphor plate, the area of which is divided into at least two different portions, is exposed to a radiation image. Each of the portions is stimulated by light guided from a light source, the light having a wavelength within the stimulating wavelength range of the phosphor on the plate and causing the phosphor plate to emit stimulated light. The stimulated light from each phosphor plate portion is guided to at least one two-dimensional CCD sensor kept in a static position relative to the phosphor plate portion, such that the CCD detects the stimulated light. The detected stimulated light is converted into an electrical representation of the plate portion, and the electrical representation of each of the different plate portions is combined to form an electrical representation of the radiation image.

Abstract: A label is provided, comprising a means wherein penetrating radiation leaves a human- or machine-readable semi-permanent or permanent mark. Preferably said means is a storage phosphor. A method for using such a label for checking if an articles has been inspected by penetrating radiation and a method for using such a label as personal monitoring are also provided.

Abstract: A method for reading an electron beam image that has been stored in a photostimulable phosphor screen wherein the photostimulable phosphor screen is scanned with stimulating radiation and wherein light emitted upon stimulation is converted in to a digital image signal. Enhanced sensitivity is obtained by heating the screen in between exposure to the electron beam image and stimulation of the screen.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of hardener-free processing a forehardened silver halide photographic material comprising a film support and on one or both sides thereof at least one silver halide emulsion layer characterized in that(1) each silver halide emulsion layer comprises spectrally sensitized cubic silver chloride or silver bromochloride grains having not more than 25 mole % of bromide in a total amount of coated silver expressed as the equivalent amount of silver nitrate in the range of from 2.5 to 4 g/m.sup.2 ;(2) the forehardened material has a water absorption of less than 4 grams per gram of gelatin, wherein said water absorption has been determined by making the difference by weight of the material when dry and when having been dipped in demineralized water of 25.degree. C. during 3 minutes followed by squeezing off the superficial water;(3) hardener-free processing includes development with a developing solution comprising thiocyanate ions in amounts from 10.sup.-3 up to 10.sup.-2 molar.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material for industrial radiography is disclosed comprising a film support and on one or both sides thereof at least one gelatino silver halide emulsion layer wherein each silver halide emulsion layer comprises as silver halide crystals silver chloride and/or silver chlorobromide crystals the amount of bromide therein being at most 25 mole %; has a gelatin to silver halide (expressed as silver nitrate) ratio from 2:10 to 6:10 and has an amount of silver halide corresponding to from 5 g to 15 g of silver per m.sup.2 and wherein said photographic material has been fore-hardened to such an extent that when it is immersed in demineralized water of 25.degree. C. for 3 minutes there is absorbed less than 2.5 g of water per gram of gelatin, characterized in that said silver chloride or silver chlorobromide emulsion crystals are chemically ripened in the presence of at least one sulphur compound and at least one gold compound, wherein gold is present in an amount from 0.01 to 1 .mu.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic activation material is disclosed comprising a film support, on one or both sides thereof at least one gelatino silver halide emulsion layer and between said emulsion layer and said support a hydrophilic undercoat layer comprising as a binder at least 50% of a loaded latex polymer, said latex polymer being loaded with at least one developing agent, further characterised in that water absorption during activation processing is not higher than 2.5 g per gram of binder present in said material.

Abstract: A radiation image storage screen is provided comprising an alkali metal phosphor wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of Ga.sup.1+, Ge.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Sb.sup.3+ and As.sup.3+. In a preferred embodiment the alkali metal is Cs and/or Rb.