Abstract: Provided herein, in some embodiments, are methods of purifying low-salt RNA compositions using denaturing oligo-dT chromatography.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of in vitro transcribing a ribonucleic acid (RNA) of interest. In some embodiments, such methods include determining consumption rates of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs).

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for reduction of data loss errors in computer data tape transport applications. In tape transport devices with moveable read heads (i.e. auto-tracking read/playback heads), by sensing telemetry information regarding tape movement and alignment of a position on the tape medium before the position on the tape encounters the moveable head. Prior systems provided for such sensing only as the tape was read by the moveable head such that compensation could be made only for subsequent read operation. By sensing the telemetry data in advance of the tape encountering the moveable head, the head may be adjusted in time to encounter the misaligned tape medium compensating for the misalignment. Similarly, telemetry data relating to the speed of the tape motion as sensed by a channel reading a predetermined recorded sequence of bits permits compensation for both erroneous tape speed and tape medium stretch or contraction.

Abstract: A characteristic of helical scan tracks is that a distortion that occurs in the written data tracks is not uniform over the entire length of the track. Therefore, segments of the helical scan track can be read even though the entirety of the helical scan track cannot be read in a single pass. Therefore, laterally moving the read heads a predetermined distance in a selected direction to access a section of the helical track can produce full amplitude read signals and thereby that section of helical scan track can be read. Once a section of the helical scan track is read, the read heads are moved another incremental distance to access a next section of the distorted helical scan track. Each section of the track is thereby read on a different helical scan as the read heads are incrementally repositioned on each scan. The read sections of the helical scan track are stored in the memory of the tape drive control unit and then used to reconstruct the entirety of the track.

Abstract: The tape transport system acquires telemetry information pertaining to the tape medium at a position in advance of the associated tape segment passing over the movable read head. The advance telemetry information includes tape motion and position information which is used to identify both physical defects in the tape medium and misalignment of the tape medium with respect to the movable read head. The advance telemetry information are used to adjust the tape speed and the position of the movable read head with respect to the tape medium as the tape moves ahead to encounter the read head. This compensation can significantly reduce the data loss errors induced by tape speed and tape tracking errors.