Abstract: An interposed sensor having a housing whose lateral extend is not greater than the lateral extend of the machine parts is to be installed between and having a plurality of measuring elements welded under preloading to the housing. Electronics including charge amplifiers are integral with the housing, either interior the lateral extend or in an annular compartment.

Abstract: A thin disk force sensor having measuring elements of not more than five layers including force introducing layers welded under preloading to a thin disk housing. The measuring elements, weld and disk housing are planarized. A vapor deposited layer is selectively applied to the force measuring elements to increase the applied force compared to the housing.

Abstract: Monitoring systems for cyclically operating machines having a cylinder including sensor to be mounted on the exterior of said cylinder for detecting both force in said cylinder and structure-borne signals in the cylinder; and having a computer for storing pre-recorded force and structure-borne noise signal as a function of time in a cycle and for comparing said detected and pre-recorded force and structure-borne noise signals to determine the status of said machine. The sensor has the form of a thin disk fitted between a cylinder cover and a nut of a cylinder cover stud under preload, thus replacing the standard washer.

Abstract: A transducer combining a force or strain or both sensor in a common housing with a structure-borne noise sensor and responsive to transmissions at a common mounting surface of the housing. The transducer may be in a force transducer, a surface strain transducer, or a screw strain transducer.

Abstract: A beam force measuring system having a force sensor to be mounted to each beam of a cyclically operating machine between a force diverting part and a fastener which secures the beam. The sensor is disk shaped and has a height which is a fraction of the fastener. Disk shaped measuring elements are welded under preload to a metal disk of the sensor and have a common planar surface.

Abstract: A measuring platform having at least one force transducer rigidly fixed to either the base or cover element and to the other of the base or cover element movably to minimize measuring errors due to bending of the cover element under forces to be measured.

Abstract: A single transducer body having a sealing arrangement including both shoulder sealing surfaces and front end sealing surfaces to seal with mounting holes of component at offset shoulder or front end sealing surfaces.

Abstract: A force transducer with an electromechanical transducer element for fitting in force plates (i.e. measuring platforms) includes adjacent a first axial end a radial mounting flange with a greater outside diameter than that adjacent the second axial end. This make it possible, after connecting the signal lines, to insert the transducer in a mounting hole of the base plate of the force plate and then fix it by welding, brazing, soldering or cementing. The transducer with its signal lines thus becomes an integral part of the base plate and is sealed completely against outside influences. The recesses of the base plate may be filled with a curable resin, providing further portection against mechanical shocks and corrosion influences while at the same time enhancing the rigidity of the force plate.

Abstract: A device for measuring at least one force component during cutting operations on workpieces with machine tools, including a dynamometer with measuring elements, integrated in a base module of a modular toolholder so that it is directly engaged with the cutting tool. The base module may be combined with various clamping and mounting modules to allow adaptation to standardized clamping systems of different machine tools, and to standard tools. The integration of the dynamometer in the toolholder and the direct engagement between cutting tool and dynamometer gives a compact unit with only small or no force shunts, making possible precision measurements. The device is therefore suitable for, among other duties, calibrating existing monitoring sensors of machine tools and for comparative functional tests on different machine tools. Measuring and evaluation electronics may be integrated in the device, wholly or in part.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring the pressure in a tubular body, for example, in the nozzle of a plastics injection molding machine, in the injection pumps of diesel engines, in gun barrels and the like, makes use of electromechanical transducers of piezoelectric, piezoresistive or strain gauge type to detect the radial and tangential mechanical stresses .sigma..sub.r, .sigma..sub.t in the tube cross section. The output signals s.sub.r, s.sub.t of the transducers are fed to a signal processing facility consisting of a subtraction circuit (for transducers of like polarity) or an addition circuit (for transducers of unlike polarity). The output signal of the signal processing facility is proportional to the difference between the pressures inside and outside the tubular body and may be fed to a further evaluation facility, such as a pressure display or process control device.

Abstract: A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques includes two force introduction plates and pre-oriented transducer elements without housing arranged between them. Each transucer element comprises typically a rectangular plate and two pre-oriented piezoelectric elements fixed thereon, one of these being sensitive to shear in a direction parallel to one edge of the carrier plate and the other being sensitive to pressure in a direction parallel to the normal of the carrier plate. The pre-oriented transducer elements enable the number of piezoelectric elements and electrical connections to be reduced substantially when assembling measuring platforms, as well as the amount of orientation and testing work. The platforms can be made flatter and more rigid, thereby raising the natural frequency. The electronic measuring and evaluation parts can be integrated partially or wholly into the dynamometer.

Abstract: A force measuring device includes a transducer mounted on a screw spindle, having force introducing elements interacting directly with the inside taper of a cylindrical sleeve to brace the device in a hold and preload the transducer. The screw spindle is displaced by a moving nut which is guided radially in the sleeve and supported axially at both sides. For bracing the device in a hole, mechanisms are provided for holding the force measuring device in a defined axial position and angle of rotation and for actuating the moving nut. These mechanisms do not extend beyond the outside diameter of the sleeve.

Abstract: A transducer, particularly for ballistic high pressure measurements, comprises an assembly body, with a shoulder sealing section and a sensor member, which can be received in a recess in the assembly body. The assembly body can be screwed into a component, e.g. a gun barrel, the measurement area on the sealing section being sealed. The assembly body has a tubular extension extending beyond the sealing section, which extension encompasses the sensor member on a cylindrical fitting face. The high sealing forces required for sealing the measurement area are kept remote from the sensor member. The measuring sensitivity of the transducer is therefore independent of the prevailing tightening torques. A cylindrical gap between the sensor member and assembly body provides additional insulation between the sealing forces and the prestress forces prevailing in the sensor member. The cylindrical gap is sealed against the pressure medium by a force fit or weld between the assembly body and the sensor member.

Abstract: A high pressure transducer, particularly for ballistic pressure measurements, with a sensor part, with a sealing part formed thereon and with a hollow mounting screw surrounding the sensor part with a clearance. The sensor part can be inserted together with the sealing part into a threaded mounting aperture in the component to be examined, whereby the sealing surface of the sealing part comes into sealing contact with a seating surface of the mounting aperture. The hollow mounting screw presses on the sealing part and produces the force necessary for sealing. The sealing surface of the sealing part is located somewhat ahead of a membrane portion while the sealing part is connected relatively elastically with the sensor part by means of a narrow web.

Abstract: A force transducer, particularly for the ballistic measuring of the combustion pressure in the cartridge case of a firearm, is disclosed which includes a force transmission element which rests with one of its front areas on the cartridge case. The force transmission element is surrounded on its exterior by an outer sleeve which also rests with its front area on the cartridge case. The front areas of the force transmission element and of the outer sleeve are exactly adapted to the curvature of the cartridge case by reaming after the transducer has been mounted in the firearm. With the combustion of the powder, the cartridge case expands and transmits its force to a sensor element via the force transmission element, with the sensor element being preferably in the form of at least one piezoelectric transversal quartz element which is held under pretension between the force transmission element and a basic receiver component.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acceleration pick-up which can be produced at favorable cost in large numbers, for which new constructional means are used. The apparatus consists of a mushroom-shaped support screw (6,56), which is inserted directly in the synthetic material housing (8) of the measuring device and which mounts and retains both the mass sensor arrangement (1, 2, 3, 4), the printed circuit board (15) as well as the housing cover (9). In the immediate vicinity of the mushroom-shaped head (7) at least one flat holding magnet (30) is likewise inserted directly in the synthetic material housing (8). In order to screen the sensor arrangement against disturbance effects, the inside of the synthetic material housing is coated with a conducting metal layer (26,28,66) for inner screening, which is connected to the screening of the connecting cable piezoelectric, piezoresistive, inductive or other systems can be used as sensor elements.

Abstract: A piezoelectric strain/force transducer is described, which is attached preferably by only one locking screw to a test specimen or machine part. The force transmitting member of the transducer comprises two bearing surfaces at a distance apart, which bear frictionally on the surface of the machine part and experience a change in spacing in the case of a change in length of the machine part. Due to this, a resilient member, which can be adapted to a desired sensitivity of the gauge, is tensioned and a set of piezoelectric plates held under precompression in the force-transmitting member are subjected to a corresponding shearing force. The piezoelectric plates are cut or polarized so that they respond piezoelectrically solely to shearing forces. The resulting piezoelectric charge is a measurement of the strain or mechanical stress of the machine part and can be used for monitoring or controlling machines or components, in particular those which are subjected to cyclic loads.

Abstract: A force measuring apparatus with a mounting arrangement for incorporation between a force receiving plate and a base plate of a force measuring system. The force measuring apparatus has an axis extending substantially transversely to the force receiving plate and base plate and is provided with two force transmitting flanges having planar parallel mounting surfaces at the ends thereof. The flanges are arranged for receiving mounting screws for mounting the force measuring apparatus from the same side to both the force receiving plate and base plate and centrally with respect to the axis of the force measuring apparatus with the force measuring apparatus having force transmission surfaces thereof coinciding with the mounting surfaces.