Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, and (B) a porous ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein the porous ceramic material comprises a first porous layer which is characterized by an average pore size and also at least one second porous layer for contacting with an electrode, the second porous layer having an average pore size which is smaller than the average pore size of the first porous layer.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, (B) a porous first ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and which (i) has a pore structure which is characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein (C) the electrolyte-contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material is covered with fine particles of a further material to extend the use life, the average size of the fine particles being in the range from 0.5 to 30% and preferably in the range from 1 to 15% of the average pore size of the ceramic material.

Abstract: A multiple-angle switched high intensity focused ultrasound device having at least two focused ultrasound transducers mounted in a frame so that the focal zones of all transducers intersect. Each of the transducers is independently driven from a radiofrequency (RF) generator. The RF driving signal is switched so that no more than one transducer is operated at a time. This allows shaping the temperature distribution in the target area by overlapping thermal contributions of each transducer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing coated carbon particles, which comprises coating electrically conductive carbon particles with elemental doped or undoped silicon by chemical vapor deposition from at least one gaseous silane in an oxygen-free gas atmosphere in a reaction space, with the electrically conductive carbon particles being in continual motion during the vapor deposition, and also correspondingly coated carbon particles and their use in anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode material for a lithium ion battery which is distinguished by the fact that the electrode material comprises 5-85% by weight of nanoscale silicon particles which have a BET surface area of from 5 to 700 m2/g and a mean primary particle diameter of from 5 to 200 nm, 0-10% by weight of conductive carbon black, 5-80% by weight of graphite having a mean particle diameter of from 1 ?m to 100 ?m and 5-25% by weight of a binder, the proportions of the components summing to not more than 100% by weight, and to the use of the electrode material according to the invention for the production of lithium ion batteries, and to a lithium ion battery having a negative electrode which comprises the electrode material according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte composition consisting of an ionic liquid, a conducting salt, a film former and a viscosity modifier and also to the use of the electrolyte composition of the present invention as an electrolyte material for electrochemical energy storage systems, especially for lithium-metal and lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, and (B) a porous ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein the porous ceramic material comprises a first porous layer which is characterized by an average pore size and also at least one second porous layer for contacting with an electrode, the second porous layer having an average pore size which is smaller than the average pore size of the first porous layer.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical cell, comprising (A) a flexible perforate support, (B) a porous first ceramic material which fills the perforations in the support and which (i) has a pore structure which is characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an ion-conducting electrolyte, wherein (C) the electrolyte-contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material is covered with fine particles of a further material to extend the use life, the average size of the fine particles being in the range from 0.5 to 30% and preferably in the range from 1 to 15% of the average pore size of the ceramic material.

Abstract: The electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries is based on a lithium transition metal oxide. Said lithium transition metal oxide is a lithium transmission metal mixed oxide with at least two transition metals (for example nickel and/or manganese), has a layer structure and is doped (for example, with aluminium and/or boron). This inventive electrode material is characterized by a high cycle stability, yet is still economical to produce.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid cooler for semiconductor power elements, the cooler having an external surface for bearing against the cooled element. The internal space of the cooler is formed so as to generate a whirling motion of the cooling medium supplied thereto.

Abstract: A power semiconductor device for efficient heat dissipation. The construction eliminates a loose contact between the semiconductor element and a cooling jig.

Abstract: An arrangement including a hydraulic chamber for simultaneously regulating the contact pressure on a plurality of heat sinks associated with planar semiconductor devices to be cooled is described. A corresponding plurality of elongated rods coupled at their outer ends to one surface of each of the heat sinks extend outwardly through aligned holes in a boundary wall of the chamber. A plunger or other suitable device extends into the chamber through a second opening therein to vary the pressure on the compressible medium and thereby to urge the heat sinks against the associated semiconductive elements with a uniform pressure. Facilities are provided for electrically deactivating the semiconductive elements when the pressure within the chamber falls below a predetermined value.