Abstract: A reusable modular housing system has a gridded structure comprising reusable components with dimensions corresponding to a two-unit system. The structure has floor and ceiling grids with dimensions that correspond to multiples of a first unit of measurement. The vertical beams that connect the floor and ceiling grids are spaced apart at dimensions that also correspond to multiples of the first unit of measurement. The structure has a variety of other components that can be coupled to the floor and ceiling grids and the vertical beams, and those other components have dimensions that correspond to a multiple of a second unit of measurement. Dimensions of the structure can vary, but each of the component parts can be detachably coupled into the gridded structure, so as to fit within the grid's dimensions based on respective multiples of the first unit of measurement and the second unit of measurement.

Abstract: A modular unit for forming a multiple member joint includes: an elongate body; a bracket attached adjacent an end of the elongate body, the bracket located around a longitudinal axis of the modular unit; a plurality of connectors associated with the bracket with a position retention mechanism, the plurality of connectors extending from the end of the elongate body parallel to a longitudinal axis of the modular unit; and one or more connector joints attached at a distal end of the plurality of connectors, wherein the one or more connector joints are adapted to join with one or more connector joints of connectors extending from connectors of an adjoining modular unit.

Abstract: A modular unit for forming a multiple member joint includes: an elongate body; a bracket attached adjacent an end of the elongate body, the bracket located around a longitudinal axis of the modular unit; a plurality of connectors associated with the bracket with a position retention mechanism, the plurality of connectors extending from the end of the elongate body parallel to a longitudinal axis of the modular unit; and one or more connector joints attached at a distal end of the plurality of connectors, wherein the one or more connector joints are adapted to join with one or more connector joints of connectors extending from connectors of an adjoining modular unit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object is manufactured by forming a series of three-dimensional formed curves of extruded material that together comprise the geometry of the surface of the object. The material is extruded from a nozzle that is positioned by a robotic arm under the control of a robotic controller. A computer that has a definition of the geometric surface generates commands to the robotic controller to cause it to sequentially form the series of formed curves that the computer calculates comprise the surface geometry.