Abstract: The present invention provides proteins for use in vaccines which are capable of inducing protective antibodies directed against C. perfringens epsilon toxin when administered to animals or man and thereby providing prophylaxis or therapy against infection by C. perfringens epsilon toxin. Particularly the present invention provides proteins which are based upon the mature toxin of the clostridium perfringensepsilon toxin gene, but which have a mutation such that the amino acid at position 106 is different to the wild-type sequence and their use in vaccine compositions.

Abstract: A method of protecting a human or animal body from the effects of infection with Y. pestis is provided comprising administering to the body a vaccine including Yersinia pestis V antigen and Yersinia pestis F1 antigens or a protective epitopic part of each of these in a form other than whole Y. Pestis organisms. Preferably the antigens are administered in the form of a live vaccine or as recombinantly produced isolated and/or purified proteins. DNA encoding the whole or part of the F1 antigen and DNA encoding the whole or part of the V antigen may be used directly as a agnetic vaccine.