Abstract: An emitter-coupled multivibrator circuit comprises two transistors (Q1, Q2), between which is provided a positive feedback by connecting each transistor base to the collector of the other transistor. In the multivibrator, the transistors (Q1, Q2) are connected to operating voltages via coils (L1, L2, L3, L4) instead of using conventional resistors and current sources. This lowers the necessary operating voltage, since no DC voltage loss is provided across the coils. Additionally, this improvement increases amplification during the avalanche process and thus the speed of the whole circuit. Further, the waveform of a signal is closer to the sinusoidal form at high frequencies. The speed of the circuit can be increased further by providing an electromagnetic coupling between the coils (L1, L2, L3, L4).

Abstract: An emitter-coupled multivibrator circuit comprises two transistors (Q1, Q2), between which a positive feedback is provided by connecting each transistor base via buffer transistors (Q3, Q4) to the collector of the other transistor. In the multivibrator, the transistors (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) are connected to operating voltages via coils (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) instead of using conventional resistors and current sources. This lowers the necessary operating voltage, since no DC voltage loss is provided across the coils. Additionally, this improvement increases amplification during the avalanche process and thus the speed of the whole circuit. Further at high frequencies, the waveform of a signal is closer to a sinusoidal form. The speed of the circuit can be increased further by providing an electromagnetic coupling between the coils (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6).

Abstract: A ring oscillator comprising a cascade connection of two or several delay stages (31 to 33), wherein each delay stage comprises two differential pairs of two transistors (Q1, Q2; Q3, Q4; Q5, Q7). In the ring oscillator, the collector resistors and the emitter resistor of a traditional ring oscillator are replaced by coils (L1 to L6) in all stages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low noise amplifier comprising an input stage and an output stage. The input matching and amplification of the amplifier are carried out by means of a common-base amplifier stage in a first cascade. An additional improvement is the use of a White's cascode with a high input impedance as a second stage of the cascade for matching the high output impedance of the common-base stage. The White's cascode also has a very low and stable output impedance, which serves the output matching very well. Furthermore, both stages have been so modified according to the invention that the collectors of their amplifier transistors are connected to the operating voltage by means of coils instead of resistors.

Abstract: An emitter-coupled multivibrator oscillator circuit including a pair of main transistors (Q1,Q2) having a positive feedback, in which the base of each transistor is connected to the collector of the other transistor via buffer transistors (Q3,Q4). A capacitor (C) is connected between the emitters of the main transistors. The circuit further comprises pull-down transistors (Q5, Q6), cross-connected so that they are positively driven to alternate between a conducting and a non-conducting state according to the states of the main transistors. The frequency of the oscillator is adjusted by controlling the current (I1) passing through the capacitor (C). Additionally, a compensating current (Icom) is arranged to flow through the collector resistors (Rc1,Rc2) of the main transistors so that the total current passing through each resistor is essentially constant and independent of the control current (I1). This way the signal amplitude of the oscillator is not affected by the frequency control.

Abstract: An emitter-coupled multivibrator circuit including a pair of main transistors (Q1,Q2) having a positive feedback, in which the base of each transistor is connected to the collector of the other transistor. A capacitor (C) is connected between the emitters of the main transistors. The circuit further comprises pull-down transistors (Q3,Q4), cross-connected so that they are positively driven to alternate between a conducting and a non-conducting state according to the states of the main transistors. The frequency of the oscillator is adjusted by controlling the current (Icon) passing through the capacitor (C). Additionally, a compensating current (I2) is arranged to flow through the collector resistors (Rc1,Rc2) of the main transistors so that the total current passing through each resistor is essentially constant and independent of the control current (Icon). This way the signal amplitude of the oscillator is not affected by the frequency control.

Abstract: In a voltage-controlled LC oscillator, a series LC resonance circuit is connected between two transistor amplifying stages which provide low impedance input and output circuits for the LC circuit. The collector of the first transistor stage is connected through a coil to the operating voltage. The emitter of the second transistor stage is connected to the reference voltage through a coil. This will result in narrowband transistor stages and significant advantages in the power consumption and other characteristics of the oscillator.