Abstract: A lighting system includes a substrate element, one or more light sources mounted on a surface of the substrate element, and an optical device for modifying light distribution. The lighting system further includes one or more fastening elements each being attached on the surface of the substrate element and including at least one spring arm for elastically engaging the optical device to hold the optical device in place. The optical device includes one or more apertures and each fastening element is arranged to protrude through a corresponding aperture of the optical device, and the at least one spring arm of the fastening element is arranged to elastically engage edges of the corresponding aperture of the optical device.

Abstract: A novel lens arrangement features a first lens which is configured to be fixed to a light source and features an aspherical convex exit surface for transmitting light which received from the light source. A second lens is arranged to the optical axis of the first lens and features an aspherical concave entry surface which is arranged to receive light which transmitted by the first lens and which has substantially the same shape as that of the exit convex surface of the first lens. The first and second lens are configured to be moved along the optical axis in respect to each other between a minimum extended position, wherein the exit surface of the first lens is nested into the matching concave entry surface of the second lens, and maximum extended position, wherein second lens lies at the focal point of the first lens.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a device having a numeric keypad to provide intelligent text input for Indian scripts, such as Hindi. In this method predetermined number keys, such as 2 and 3, are reserved for vowels. These keys produce either independent vowels or dependent vowels (matras) depending on the character preceding the text buffer insertion point. If the character preceding the insertion point is a consonant, keys 2 and 3 produce dependent vowels, in all other cases these keys produce independent vowels. If the user wishes to change the dependent vowel into an independent vowel, the user can do this by pressing a context switch key, such as *, and the dependent vowel in sequence. As a result, the vowel is inserted as an independent vowel, thereby overriding the context into which the vowel is being entered. Other number keys, in the preferred embodiment 4,5,6,7,8 and 9, are reserved for consonants. If the user presses any of these keys, a consonant is inserted into the display.

Abstract: A method of changing an alphabetic character to a variant character when entering information or messages in a mobile phone or a game console or the like. The variant character can be a diacritical variation or a tonal variation of the alphabetic character. After an alphabetic character is entered and displayed on a display device, the star key in the keypad can be used to replace the displayed alphabetic character with a desired one of the variants.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a device having a numeric keypad to provide intelligent text input for Indian scripts, such as Hindi. In this method predetermined number keys, such as 2 and 3, are reserved for vowels. These keys produce either independent vowels or dependent vowels (matras) depending on the character preceding the text buffer insertion point. If the character preceding the insertion point is a consonant, keys 2 and 3 produce dependent vowels, in all other cases these keys produce independent vowels. If the user wishes to change the dependent vowel into an independent vowel, the user can do this by pressing a context switch key, such as *, and the dependent vowel in sequence. As a result, the vowel is inserted as an independent vowel, thereby overriding the context into which the vowel is being entered. Other number keys, in the preferred embodiment 4,5,6,7,8 and 9, are reserved for consonants. If the user presses any of these keys, a consonant is inserted into the display.

Abstract: A method of changing an alphabetic character to a variant character when entering information or messages in a mobile phone or a game console or the like. The variant character can be a diacritical variation or a tonal variation of the alphabetic character. After an alphabetic character is entered and displayed on a display device, the star key in the keypad can be used to replace the displayed alphabetic character with a desired one of the variants.