Abstract: A device such as a flexible LCD is described comprising first and second layers wherein the first layer is a flexible substrate and the second layer is a brittle ITO conduction line applied to the substrate. The ITO layer is substantially flat and meanders across the plane of the flexible substrate so as to prevent fracture of the ITO layer when the flexible substrate is deformed. The ITO layer may be subdivided into portions, the length of the portions being selected to prevent fracture when the flexible substrate is deformed to a predetermined radius of curvature.

Abstract: A substrate (1) having a first groove (4) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (3) on the first groove (4). These protrusions (4) can have a top with an apex angle of 30 to 150 degrees and results in a controlled breaking of the substrate (1) and a minimum of loss due to deviations of the crack initiated at the protrusion (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides for improved image quality in bendable liquid crystal displays (400). In such displays the liquid crystal layer (401) is contained in a cell gap having a thickness which decreases when the display is bent. For displays based on swithcable retardation, such as TN (Twisted Nematic) or STN (Super Twisted Nematic) displays, this has as a consequence that the cell retardation value decreases, such that optical properties as colour, contrast and viewing angle become less good.

Abstract: Using lithographic spacers (6) and seals (12) in e.g. LCD a first adhesion of the substrates (2,3) is obtained by incomplete solidifying (both physical or chemical) of the resin used for the spacers and/or the polyimide used for the seal. Final solidifying of the spacers may take place during solidifying of the seal afterwards or simultaneously.

Abstract: A method is proposed for measuring water permeability of substrates (1). A reactive compound (Ca, Ba) which reacts with a diffusing material, e.g. water, is applied on the substrate and the change in time of transmissivity, reflectivity of the layer is monitored in time.

Abstract: Improved seal for flexible organic light emitting displays are provided. For the purpose of the present invention it is realisd that a homogenous seal cannot provide for the combination of resuired robusness and required impermeability, which are essential for the life time of the display. Therefore, a seal comprising an inner seal portion and an outer seal portion is proposed. The outer seal portion is flexible as compared to the inner seal portion and the inner seal portion is impermeable as compared to the outer seal portion and being deposited between the outer seal portion and the display element.

Abstract: A back plane or carrier (5), mechanically coupled to display panels (2) is bendable or foldable. Preferably it is zigzag foldable in one direction, the pitch of zigzag in the unfolded position being substantially equal to the dimension of the corresponding display panel in said direction. This leads to very efficient packaging of the display device in the second (folded) position, especially when the back plane is also zigzag foldable in the second direction.

Abstract: The present invention concerns substrates for a flexible flat panel display able The present invention concerns substrates for a flexible flat panel display (110) able to bent into a low radius of curvature, wherein the cell gap deviation is controlled and preferably minimised, even when the flexible flat panel display (110) is affected by pressure application or bending. According to a certain aspect there is provided composite substrates consisting of a substrate with a high Young's modulus and a substrate of low Young's modulus.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of obtaining a pair of substrates spaced from each other by spacers comprising: a) providing a first substrate overlaid with a first layer with a patterned hydrophobic second layer or a patterned hydrophilic second layer that can take on an electrostatic charge; and b) optionally treating the parts of the first layer that are not covered with the hydrophobic or hydrophilic second layer to form a patterned hydrophilic third layer that can take on an electrostatic charge with a sign that is opposite to the sign of the electrostatic charge that can be taken on by the hydrophilic second layer, if the second layer is a hydrophilic layer; c) providing at least one of the first, second, and third layer with an electrostatic charge; d) contacting the electrostatically charged patterned first substrate with a dispersion of polymeric particles (spacers), which are functionalized so that the polymeric particles at their surface can take on an electrostatic charge with a sign opposite t