Abstract: The present invention describes a method for predicting a health-state indicative of the presence of prostate cancer. The method measures the intensities of specific small biochemicals, called metabolites, in a blood sample from a patient with an undetermined health-state, and compares these intensities to the intensities observed in a population of healthy individuals and/or to the intensities previously observed in a population of confirmed prostate cancer-positive individuals. The method enables a practitioner to determine the probability that a screened patient is positive for prostate cancer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for differentially diagnosing dementia or the risk of dementia in a patient. The method comprises obtaining a sample from the patient; analyzing the sample to obtain quantifying data for one or more than one metabolite marker; comparing the quantifying data for the one or more than one metabolite marker to corresponding data obtained from one or more than one reference sample; and using the comparison to differentially diagnose dementia or the risk of dementia. The method may also assist in assessing dementia or the risk of dementia in a patient. The present invention is also directed to metabolite markers and compounds useful in the present method.