Abstract: Provided are a conductive layer and a method of manufacturing the same. The conductive layer is formed without, so called, a high temperature process but has suitable crystallinity, excellent transparency and excellent resistance characteristic, and the method of manufacturing the same is also provided.

Abstract: Manufacturing a particle may include inserting a supporting body into a receiving groove on a first substrate to accommodate a first surface of the supporting body into the receiving groove and to expose a second surface of the supporting body to outside; forming a first coating layer on the second surface; attaching a second substrate to the supporting body on which the first coating layer is formed; exposing the first surface of the supporting body on which the first coating layer is formed to outside, by separating the supporting body on which the first coating layer is formed and which is attached to the second substrate from the first substrate; forming a second coating layer on the first surface of the supporting body; and separating the supporting body, on which the first coating layer and the second coating layer are formed, from the second substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a particle and a method for manufacturing the particle, in particular, a particle in various shapes having a size ranging from several nanometers (nm) to tens of micrometers (?m), and a method for manufacturing the particle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for arranging nanoparticles in a column shape by simultaneously inserting the nanoparticles into respective nanogrooves of a substrate with a nanogroove array.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes; disposing a thin film transistor having an output terminal on a first substrate, disposing a pixel electrode in connection with the output terminal, disposing an inorganic layer on the pixel electrode, and converting the inorganic layer to a first alignment layer by disposing a mask on the inorganic layer and radiating an ion beam in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method including; disposing a thin film transistor having an input terminal and an output terminal on a first substrate, connecting a pixel electrode to the output terminal, disposing an organic layer on the pixel electrode, forming a first alignment layer having at least two different alignment directions by disposing a mask on the organic layer and radiating an ion beam to the organic layer, disposing a common electrode on a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate, forming a second alignment layer having at least two different alignment directions on the common electrode, and disposing a liquid crystal layer between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panel and manufacturing method thereof. The LCD panel in accordance with the present invention includes a lower substrate including a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode, an upper substrate including a common electrode facing the lower substrate, a liquid crystal layer formed between the upper and lower substrates, and an alignment layer formed of an inorganic substance containing silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) on the upper and lower substrates. The transmittance of light through the LCD panel is high and is practically independent of the deposition temperature of the SiOC alignment layer over a wide range of deposition temperatures. The deposition of the alignment layer can be performed over a wide range of deposition temperatures while maintaining high levels of light transmission.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method including; disposing a thin film transistor having an input terminal and an output terminal on a first substrate, connecting a pixel electrode to the output terminal, disposing an organic layer on the pixel electrode, forming a first alignment layer having at least tow different alignment directions by disposing a mask on the organic layer and radiating an ion beam to the organic layer, disposing a common electrode on a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate, forming a second alignment layer having at least tow different alignment directions on the common electrode, and disposing a liquid crystal layer between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes; disposing a thin film transistor having an output terminal on a first substrate, disposing a pixel electrode in connection with the output terminal, disposing an inorganic layer on the pixel electrode, and converting the inorganic layer to a first alignment layer by disposing a mask on the inorganic layer and radiating an ion beam in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a first field generating electrode formed on the first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a second field generating electrode formed on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first field generating electrode and the second field generating electrode, wherein at least one of the first field generating electrode and the second field generating electrode includes zinc aluminum oxide (ZAO), and the driving voltage is in a range of about 3.7 volts to about 5.6 volts for a transmittance of 90% (T90).

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panel and manufacturing method thereof. The LCD panel in accordance with the present invention includes a lower substrate including a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode, an upper substrate including a common electrode facing the lower substrate, a liquid crystal layer formed between the upper and lower substrates, and an alignment layer formed of an inorganic substance containing silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) on the upper and lower substrates. The transmittance of light through the LCD panel is high and is practically independent of the deposition temperature of the SiOC alignment layer over a wide range of deposition temperatures. The deposition of the alignment layer can be performed over a wide range of deposition temperatures while maintaining high levels of light transmission.

Abstract: A method of forming the alignment film includes placing an inorganic target and a substrate in a chamber so that the inorganic target and the substrate are parallel to each other, evacuating the chamber to a first pressure, supplying a discharge gas into the chamber and evacuating the chamber to a second pressure higher than the first pressure. Moreover, the method further includes depositing an inorganic film on the substrate by ejecting inorganic particles from the inorganic target.