Abstract: According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided an apparatus comprising means for: controlling one or more electroacoustic transducers of a device to create a standing wave having a displacement antinode at an expected location of a component of the device; receiving a signal representing sound generated by vibration of the component driven by the standing wave; causing analysis of the signal to determine whether there is a defect based on whether the signal represents a sound that would be expected to result from vibration of the component driven by the standing wave in the absence of a defect.

Abstract: A control system for a cooling fan of a laser printer enables selection of fan speed based on the actual degree of usage of the printer. The system provides first and second sets of fan speeds where each set contains information corresponding to a plurality of fan speeds. Information regarding the current operational condition of the fuser of the printer is periodically obtained, preferably during a preset interval. The fan is then operated at one of the fan speeds of the first or second set of fan speeds, with the selection of the first or second set and the selection of one of the fan speeds based on the current operational condition of the fuser. In this manner, the speed of the fan is substantially continuously controlled based on the operational condition of the printer.

Abstract: A control system for a cooling fan of a laser printer that enables selection of a multitude of varying fan speeds based on the actual degree of usage of the printer.

Abstract: A digital scanner composed of a plurality of individually addressable scanning elements. Each of the plurality of individually addressable scanning elements capable of operating in discrete states in response to digital input signals applied to the digital scanner, thereby providing for either a straight passage and optical deflections or displacements, of a light beam passing therethrough dependent upon the state of operation of each scanning element. The scanner thereby capable of steering light over many positions according to digital input signals.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an active matrix LED array includes forming layers of material on a substrate, which layers cooperate to emit light when activated. Row and column dividers are formed in the layers to divide the layers into an array of LEDs arranged in rows and columns. One FET is formed on the row dividers in association with each LED and a source of each FET is connected to an anode of the associated LED. Row and column buses are formed on the row and column dividers, respectively, and the drain of each FET is connected to an adjacent row bus with the gate of each FET being connected to an adjacent column bus. A cathode for each LED is connected as a common terminal for all of the LEDs in the array.

Abstract: An integrated matrix of light emitting devices includes a plurality of isolated semiconductor LEDs positioned in a matrix of rows and columns on the surface of a substrate. A plurality of column buses, one each positioned adjacent each column of semiconductor LEDs, is provided with each of the column buses being connected to a first terminal of each semiconductor LED in the adjacent column of semiconductor LEDs and each of the column buses providing an exposed planar surface. A plurality of OEDs is positioned on the exposed planar surface of each column bus with a first terminal of each OED connected to the column bus.

Abstract: A device and method for enhancing the viewing angle of a display including the positioning of a liquid crystal beam deflector on display device, such as a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal beam deflector is capable of deflecting a display image incident thereon, thereby deflecting a primary viewing axis, resulting in an altered viewing axis and/or a broader viewing cone. The resultant effect allows the user to view the display image from the altered viewing angle or at any position within the broader viewing cone, to provide for a higher contrast output image by deflecting the brightest image away from the direction of specular reflection in ambient illuminated reflective displays.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including an array composed of a substrate having defined thereon a plurality of unit cells, composed of active and inactive areas. The substrate having positioned thereon a major surface, a plurality of sub-arrays and driver/control circuits. The sub-arrays, defining the active area formed within each unit cell, and being composed of a plurality of light emitting devices. The driver/control circuits mounted to the substrate within the inactive area of each unit cell. The electro-optical package fabricated to allow for scanning of the active area of each unit cell to create a resultant integrated image of increased resolution, without an increase in the number of pixels formed by the light emitting devices of the sub-arrays.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a monolithically integrated LED array and driving circuitry includes sequentially forming overlying layers of material on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, the layers cooperating to emit light when activated. An insulating layer is formed on the layers and the layers are isolated into an array area and driver circuitry areas with row and column dividers dividing the array area into an array of LEDs arranged in rows and columns. Row and column driver circuits are formed on the insulating layer in the driver circuitry areas and row and column buses individually couple each LED in the array to row and column driver circuits.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal cell and a liquid crystal polarization switch. The liquid crystal cell capable of creating a liquid crystal phase prism under the influence of an external voltage. The liquid crystal polarization switch capable of perpendicularly rotating the polarization of light impinging upon the liquid crystal polarization switch, prior to passage through the liquid crystal cell in response to an applied voltage. The modulator, or scanner, thereby capable of modulating the phase of light passing therethrough, resulting in a high resolution resultant integrated image.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal memory cell and a liquid crystal polarization switch. The liquid crystal memory cell having phase information recorded during the fabrication process thereby affecting the liquid crystal material contained within the cell. The liquid crystal polarization switch capable of perpendicularly rotating the polarization of light impinging upon the liquid crystal polarization switch, prior to passage through the liquid crystal memory cell in response to an applied voltage.

Abstract: A visual display system, composed of an array of light emitting devices, forming an image source, a phase spatial light modulator scanner, driver/control circuitry and an optical magnification system. The display system being enclosed within a housing, thereby forming an optical magnifier. The phase spatial light modulator scanner is operative in either a transmissive mode or a reflective mode. In operation, an external stimulus, such as a voltage, is applied to the scanner, thereby changing the phase of light emitted therethrough. The scanning action enhances display resolution of the generated resultant image without an increase in the number of pixels of the image source. The phase spatial light modulator scanner operates by scanning sub-pixels, pixel groups, and/or sub-arrays of the image source.

Abstract: Monolithic integrated transistors and a light emitting diode matrix epitaxially grown on a semiconductor substrate. The matrix includes a plurality of LEDs organized into rows and columns, the LEDs being formed of layers of semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the substrate. A row driver for each row includes a transistor coupled to the matrix and a column driver for each column includes a complementary transistor coupled to the matrix. The transistor and the complementary transistor are each an HBT including layers of semiconductor material positioned on the semiconductor material forming the matrix.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an LED array and stacked driving circuitry includes sequentially forming layers of material on the surface of a substrate, the layers cooperating to emit light when activated. An insulating layer is positioned on the layers and divided into LEDs arranged in an array of rows and columns. Row and column driver circuits are formed on the insulating layer overlying the array by patterning portions of recrystallized amorphous silicon on the insulating layer, depositing a gate insulator layer and a gate metal layer on each of the portions to form an MOS gate, implanting a source and drain in each of the portions, using the MOS gate as a self-aligned mask, and forming contacts for the power terminals and the MOS gate, and coupling each LED in the array to the row and column driver circuits.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal cell having molecular orientation recorded during the fabrication process as a direct result of a photochemical reaction exerted upon the liquid crystal material, a mechanically-induced change of a liquid crystal alignment layer, or by varying a plurality of polymer materials that compose the liquid crystal alignment layer, thereby affecting the liquid crystal material contained within the cell. The modulator, or scanner, thereby capable of altering the phase, thus steering light passing therethrough. During operation, the liquid crystal molecules deflect the light beam passing therethrough based on their orientation as recorded during fabrication when the applied voltage is "OFF" or in an altered state when the applied voltage is "ON".

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a first liquid crystal cell and one or more additional liquid crystal cells. Each of the liquid crystal cells is positioned so that their extraordinary optical axis (N.sub.e) lies orthogonal to the next liquid crystal cell, and the group of cells is positioned along the optical axis of light emitted by an image source. The modulator, or scanner, thereby capable of steering substantially 100% of unpolarized light therethrough. The modulator intended for use within a display system additionally composed of an image source, driver/control circuitry and an optical magnification system. In operation, an external stimulus is applied, such as a voltage supplied by an external power source, thereby spatially changing the phase of light emitted therethrough. The scanning action enhances display resolution of the generated resultant image without an increase in the number of pixels of the image source.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal cell and a reflective element. The modulator capable of receiving and modulating substantially 100% of unpolarized light impinging thereupon. The modulator intended for use within an electro-optical system additionally composed of a light source, driver/control circuitry and an optional optical magnification system. In operation, an external stimulus is applied, such as a voltage supplied by an external power source, thereby changing the phase of light emitted therethrough, generating two beams of light traveling in different directions. The first beam of light impinges upon the reflective element and is reflected to travel in the same directional path as the second beam of light.

Abstract: A matrix including a plurality of light emitting devices organized into a plurality of rows of first contacts and columns of second contacts. Row/column decoding switches each coupled to a number of individual rows/columns and to a number of row/column address lines for selecting an addressed one of the number of individual rows/columns, and to an individual row/column data lead for selecting a row/column decoding switch. The matrix and row and column switches are integrated onto a common substrate. A programmable voltage source is coupled to the column decoding switches by the column data leads and a programmable current sink is coupled to the row decoding switches by the row data leads.