Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system; and a spacer disposed between the sixth and seventh lenses, wherein the optical imaging system satisfies 0.5<S6d/f<1.4, where S6d is an inner diameter of the spacer, f is an overall focal length of the optical imaging system, and S6d and f are expressed in a same unit of measurement.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system is described. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether or not the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network. In combination with this, the use of individual response signals, such as ACK/NACK signalling, from the terminal devices allows the base station, or other entity, to track which terminal devices have indicated successful receipt of the multicast transmission, and to instigate an appropriate re-transmission protocol accordingly.

Abstract: Signal processor for a GNSS receiver, in particular a GPS receiver, characterized by the use of un-refreshed volatile dynamic memory as a storage element for real-time digital data. The invention takes advantage from the fact that many memory units are used to store real-time data and are constantly overwritten at a rate which can conveniently be shorter than a mean retention time of a DRAM cell. Moreover several memories are used to store noise-dominated data which are then statistically analyzed in a way that can tolerate a small rate of retention errors. Thus the automatic refresh circuitry can be disposed of without adverse effect.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a base station and a plurality of terminal devices in a wireless telecommunications system is described. The method comprises transmitting data from the base station to the plurality of terminal devices in a multicast transmission and transmitting response signals from the terminal devices to the base station to indicate whether or not the respective terminal devices have successfully received the multicast transmission. The use of a multicast transmission provides an efficient mechanism for communicating the same data to a plurality of terminal device, for example as might be desired in a machine-type communication network. In combination with this, the use of individual response signals, such as ACK/NACK signalling, from the terminal devices allows the base station, or other entity, to track which terminal devices have indicated successful receipt of the multicast transmission, and to instigate an appropriate re-transmission protocol accordingly.

Abstract: Radiolocalization receiver for a satellite radiolocalization system like GPs, Galileo or the like, including a staged correlation and accumulation unit, in which the correlation data is biased in order to be to always non-negative. Thanks to this feature, the accumulated data grow monotonically during the accumulation. Overflow rate of a first correlation stage (100, 150-153) is scaled down respect to the rate of the input data. Thus the higher correlation stages (200, 154-158) can be used in multiplex. The bit-flip rate in memories is very low, with an effective reduction of dynamic power consumption. The logic structure of the accumulator is also simplified by the invention, thus further savings in silicon space and power are possible.

Abstract: A reference clock circuit (170), has a low-power mode, in which the frequency consumption is reduced, and including an internal counter, accumulating time spent in low-power mode. The circuit includes a crystal resonator (60), an oscillator circuit (70), and a temperature compensation circuit (80), providing a stable clock output (85). During low-power mode temperature compensation can be switched off. The circuit further provides a wakeup signal (107) after a preset time in low-power mode.

Abstract: A GPS or Galileo receiver for radio positioning signals wherein at least a part of the computing of position related data based on radio signals received from a plurality of space vehicles is carried out by a processor (21) mounted on a graphic or sound card (20). The receiver thus makes use of available computing resources, thus achieving a lower Bill of Material.

Abstract: A GPS or Galileo receiver for radio positioning signals wherein at least a part of the computing of position related data based on radio signals received from a plurality of space vehicles is carried out by a processor (21) mounted on a graphic or sound card (20). The receiver thus makes use of available computing resources, thus achieving a lower Bill of Material.

Abstract: Radiolocalization receiver for a satellite radiolocalization system like GPs, Galileo or the like, including a staged correlation and accumulation unit, in which the correlation data is biased in order lo be to always non-negative. Thanks to this feature, the accumulated data grow monotonically during the accumulation. Overflow rate of a rust correlation stage (100, 150-153) is scaled down respect to the rate of the input data. Thus the higher correlation stages (200, 154-158) can be used in multiplex. The bit-flip rate in memories is very low, with an effective reduction of dynamic power consumption. The logic structure of the accumulator is also simplified by the invention, thus further savings in silicon space and power are possible.

Abstract: Signal processor for a GNSS receiver, in particular a GPS receiver, characterized by the use of un-refreshed volatile dynamic memory as a storage element for real-time digital data. The invention takes advantage from the facts that many memory units are used to store real-time data and are constantly overwritten at a rate which can conveniently shorter than a mean retention time of a DRAM cell. Moreover several memories are used to store noise-dominated data which are then statistically analyzed in a way can tolerate a small rate of retention errors. Thus the automatic refresh circuitry can be disposed of without adverse effect.

Abstract: Pseudo-range processor (20) for a satellite radiolocalization receiver (100) having access to an auxiliary clock (38) used to clock an auxiliary reference timer (40). The auxiliary reference timer (40) is periodically sampled (170) during tracking, in relation to the GPS time kept by the main clock. The processor allows intermittent operations, between periods in a low-power sleep mode during which correlators (25) and main clock (37) are inactive. On wake-up a new sample is taken of the auxiliary reference timer (40), which allows an estimation of the most likely position of the correlation peaks (123a-c). The correlation engine can therefore directly start to search for peaks in appropriate code phase windows, with a high probability of immediate reacquisition.

Abstract: A reference clock circuit (170), has a low-power mode, in which the frequency consumption is reduced, and including an internal counter, accumulating time spent in low-power mode. The circuit includes a crystal resonator (60), an oscillator circuit (70), and a temperature compensation circuit (80), providing a stable clock output (85). During low-power mode temperature compensation can be switched off. The circuit further provides a wakeup signal (107) after a preset time in low-power mode.

Abstract: Pseudo-range processor (20) for a satellite radiolocalization receiver (100) having access to an auxiliary clock (38) used to clock an auxiliary reference timer (40). The auxiliary reference timer (40) is periodically sampled (170) during tracking, in relation to the GPS time kept by the main clock. The processor allows intermittent operations, between periods in a low-power sleep mode during which correlators (25) and main clock (37) are inactive. On wake-up a new sample is taken of the auxiliary reference timer (40), which allows an estimation of the most likely position of the correlation peaks (123a-c). The correlation engine can therefore directly start to search for peaks in appropriate code phase windows, with a high probability of immediate reacquisition.