Abstract: An earthing electrode assembly and method for providing a submerged electrical apparatus with an earth path, the electrode assembly having an earthing electrode, an attachment device for attaching the electrode assembly to a cable, and an insulated electrical connection for connecting the earthing electrode to the submerged electrical apparatus. The connection is formed to be of sufficient length for the submerged electrical apparatus to be protected from electrochemical effects resulting from operation of the earthing electrode.

Abstract: A submarine casing for a submarine cable is shielded by a metal sheath from the deleterious effects of hydrogen generated from a sea-earth by electrolysis. Cylindrical parts (3,4) are covered by a wrapped metal sheet (8) and tapering parts by a fitted or shrunk sleeve (9) overlapping the sheets and having a metal lining (10), making up the sheath.

Abstract: In a cable system for connecting to an electrical apparatus, an earthing electrode assembly includes an earthing electrode, a mechanism for attaching the electrode to the cable while maintaining electrical insulation from the cable, and an electrical connection of the electrode to the electrical apparatus, the connection being long enough that the electrode is located at a distance from the apparatus such that the apparatus is substantially protected from the electrochemical effects resulting from operation of the electrode. The earthing electrode may include a titanium core which is coated with platinum or a mixed metal oxide of tantalum and iridium. Methods of attachment are also disclosed.