Abstract: A method for treating an abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes electrically stimulating a site on each of the extensor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis muscles of a foot of the mammal affected by the abnormality, and visually confirming that the stimulated muscles responds to the stimulation by contracting. An amount of botulinum toxin effective to treat the abnormality is then injected to the confirmed sites on the extensor hallucis brevis and the adductor hallucis muscles of the affected foot.

Abstract: An orthotic support structure or shell may be used with footwear intrinsically or as a removable and transferable device. The footwear may be a sandal assembly including a sole, a strap and an orthotic shell. The strap is attached to the sole and configured to secure the sole against the foot. The orthotic shell is positioned within the sole and formed from a semi-rigid material. The orthotic shell includes a heel portion configured to support a heel region of the foot, and a midfoot portion connected to the heel portion and configured to support an arch region of the foot, the midfoot portion comprising an arched shank having a curved convex shape. The arched shank is configured to deflect under a downward force applied thereon which reactively rotates the heel portion toward the heel region of the foot.

Abstract: An orthotic support structure or shell may be used with footwear intrinsically or as a removable and transferable device. The footwear may be a sandal assembly including a sole, a strap and an orthotic shell. The strap is attached to the sole and configured to secure the sole against the foot. The orthotic shell is positioned within the sole and formed from a semi-rigid material. The orthotic shell includes a heel portion configured to support a heel region of the foot, and a midfoot portion connected to the heel portion and configured to support an arch region of the foot, the midfoot portion comprising an arched shank having a curved convex shape. The arched shank is configured to deflect under a downward force applied thereon which reactively rotates the heel portion toward the heel region of the foot.

Abstract: A method treats heel pain related to a compression of the medial/plantar nerve complex of the heel between the Quadratus Plantae and/or the Abductor Hallucis muscles. The method includes injecting a botulinum toxin into the insertional plantar fascia area of each of the Abductor Hallucis and Quadratus Plantae muscles in a foot of a patient having the heel pain.

Abstract: A method for treating an abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes electrically stimulating a site on each of the extensor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis muscles of a foot of the mammal affected by the abnormality, and visually confirming that the stimulated muscles responds to the stimulation by contracting. An amount of botulinum toxin effective to treat the abnormality is then injected to the confirmed sites on the extensor hallucis brevis and the adductor hallucis muscles of the affected foot.

Abstract: Plantar Heel Pain Syndrome can be of one or more etiologies and symptoms which refutes the mistaken tendency to categorize all plantar heel pain singularly as either plantar fasciitis or fasciosis. Recognizing that there is likely an interplay of inflammatory, degenerative and neuropathic etiologic conditions of this often-difficult malady to treat, a novel injection paradigm of botulinum toxin is explored in the treatment of 4 distinct presentations of Plantar Heel Pain Syndrome with promising results.

Abstract: A method for treating an abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes electrically stimulating a site on each of the extensor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis muscles of a foot of the mammal affected by the abnormality, and visually confirming that the stimulated muscles responds to the stimulation by contracting. An amount of botulinum toxin effective to treat the abnormality is then injected to the confirmed sites on the extensor hallucis brevis and the adductor hallucis muscles of the affected foot.

Abstract: An orthotic support structure or shell may be used with footwear intrinsically or as a removable and transferable device. The footwear may be a sandal assembly including a sole, a strap and an orthotic shell. The strap is attached to the sole and configured to secure the sole against the foot. The orthotic shell is positioned within the sole and formed from a semi-rigid material. The orthotic shell includes a heel portion configured to support a heel region of the foot, and a midfoot portion connected to the heel portion and configured to support an arch region of the foot, the midfoot portion comprising an arched shank having a curved convex shape. The arched shank is configured to deflect under a downward force applied thereon which reactively rotates the heel portion toward the heel region of the foot.

Abstract: Plantar Heel Pain Syndrome can be of one or more etiologies and symptoms which refutes the mistaken tendency to categorize all plantar heel pain singularly as either plantar fasciitis or fasciosis. Recognizing that there is likely an interplay of inflammatory, degenerative and neuropathic etiologic conditions of this often-difficult malady to treat, a novel injection paradigm of botulinum toxin is explored in the treatment of 4 distinct presentations of Plantar Heel Pain Syndrome with promising results.

Abstract: A method for treating an abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes electrically stimulating a site on each of the extensor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis muscles of a foot of the mammal affected by the abnormality, and visually confirming that the stimulated muscles responds to the stimulation by contracting. An amount of botulinum toxin effective to treat the abnormality is then injected to the confirmed sites on the extensor hallucis brevis and the adductor hallucis muscles of the affected foot.

Abstract: A method for treating abnormalities of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes administering an amount of neuromuscular toxin effective to treat the abnormalities via intramuscular injection to the extensor hallucis brevis muscle of the affected foot of the mammal. Further effectiveness can be achieved by also administering the toxin to adductor hallucis and/or the flexor hallucis brevis (lateral head) muscles of the affected foot. One of the abnormalities to be treated is hallux abductovalgus, commonly referred to as a bunion.

Abstract: A method for treating abnormalities of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot of a mammal includes administering an amount of neuromuscular toxin effective to treat the abnormalities via intramuscular injection to the extensor hallucis brevis muscle of the affected foot of the mammal. Further effectiveness can be achieved by also administering the toxin to adductor hallucis and/or the flexor hallucis brevis (lateral head) muscles of the affected foot. One of the abnormalities to be treated is hallux abductovalgus, commonly referred to as a bunion.