Abstract: The transformer is wound with multiple layers of the same number of turns extending across the bobbin and with the leads from each layer brought out through each end of the bobbin. The individual layers are wound with each turn immediately abutting the preceding turn and successive layers are wound on top of each other so that the turns of the upper layer lie in the furrows or valleys between the turns of the layer immediately below. The distance between the wires of the underlying and overlying layers normal to the bobbin surface is less than the diameter of the wire, and to overcome this difficulty each lead is arranged in echelon with the lead above and below it. Slot configurations for bobbins of both flat sided and cylindrical cores are developed.

Abstract: The ballast circuit comprises a transistor having its collector and emitter and an emitter resistor in series with an alternating current operated current-controlled power supply and a gas discharge load device, such as a He-Ne gas laser. The transistor base is biased by a resistance voltage divider between the collector and the other end of the emitter resistor. A decoupling capacitor is connected between that end of the emitter resistor and the base.