Abstract: A grade measurement device for use with a transmitter operable to produce a radiant energy beam. The grade measurement device includes a base and a support member. The support member is movably coupled to the base. A detector operable to detect the radiant energy beam is disposed on the support member at a selected position. The detector is also operable to indicate detection of the radiant energy beam. A connection mechanism couples the support member and the base.

Abstract: A scraper bowl structure (11) for use in a scraper vehicle (10) having a rear wheeled support (12) and a wheeled tractive unit (15). The bowl structure (11) is defined by sidewalls (16,17) pivotally mounting a front apron (22) and a rear blade (25). Positioning devices (29,30) are associated with the apron (22) and blade (25), respectively, selectively positioning the apron (22) and blade (25) in raised and lowered positions. Spreader elements (19,20,21) for securing the sidewalls in spaced relationship further serve as supporting elements for supporting the blade (25) in the different dispositions thereof. The configuration of blade (25) is preselected so as to bulldoze earth forwardly onto the apron (22) in a lowered position of the blade (25) and apron (22).