Abstract: The present invention provides a process for utilizing one stream from a gas separation unit in an evaporation cooler to provide cool water which is used to cool the feed gas mixture by direct or indirect contact prior to entering the gas separation unit.

Abstract: The wall (5) of a tube (2) for delivering pulverized fuel to the outlet (4) of an oxy-fuel burner (1) forms part of a chamber (6) which is pressurized or evacuated. The pressure in the chamber is continuously monitored. If the pressure in the chamber (6) changes in a way indicative that the wall (5) of the oxy-fuel burner (1) has failed the oxy-fuel burner (1) is automatically shut down.

Abstract: Enhanced combustion of pulverized fuel in an oxy-fuel burner (10) is achieved by replacing the conventional pulverized fuel feed with a dense phase material flow transport system. This enables materials which would hitherto have been discarded as waste to be used as a viable energy source. In addition to greatly enhancing combustion the swirlers conventionally associated with the oxy-fuel burner (10) may be omitted.

Abstract: A burner 10 for the edge heating of strip metal travelling between a furnace and a rolling mill comprises a body 12 having two chambers 16, 18 separated by a dividing wall 14. A multiplicity of square tubes 24 connect the first chamber 16 with an upper surface 26. The tubes 24 project through the second chamber and are located in corresponding circular holes 30 such that a gap is provided around the tube. The first chamber 16 has gas inlets 20, provided with baffles to ensure dispersion of the gas within the chamber 16, and the second chamber 18 is provided with oxygen inlets 28. Thus a gas entering the first chamber 16 via the inlet 20 and leaving through the tubes 24 mixes with the oxygen on the upper surface 26, the oxygen leaving the body 12 via the holes 30. A cooling jacket 34 supplied with cold water acts as a barrier to increase flame stability and cool the burner which can heat up due to back radiation from the surface to be heated.

Abstract: Oxygen is introduced through oxygen supply line (5) into an annular gallery (6) which it leaves at high velocity through annular channel (7). The outlet of the annular channel (7) is shaped so that, by virtue of the Coanda effect, the oxygen travels towards the downstream end of the burner (1) substantially parallel to the wall of the tubular body (2). Combustion gas from combustion chamber (13) is induced between support bars (4) into the tubular body (2) by the flow of oxygen and mixes with the oxygen and subsequently with natural gas introduced through fuel supply line (8). The mixture burns at the outlet (9) of the fuel supply line (8). The maximum temperature reached by the gas leaving the burner (1) is substantially lower than that which would be obtained by a conventional oxy-fuel flame. The burner may be used in radiant tubes.

Abstract: Oxygen is introduced through oxygen supply line (5) into an annular gallery (6) which it leaves at high velocity through annular channel (7). The outlet of the annular channel (7) is shaped so that, by virtue of the Coanda effect, the oxygen travels towards the downstream end of the burner (1) substantially parallel to the wall of the tubular body (2). Combustion gas from combustion chamber (13) is induced between support bars (4) into the tubular body (2) by the flow of oxygen and mixes with the oxygen and subsequently with natural gas introduced through fuel supply line (8). The mixture burns at the outlet (9) of the fuel supply line (8). The maximum temperature reached by the gas leaving the burner (1) is substantially lower than that which would be obtained by a conventional oxy-fuel flame. The burner may be used in radiant tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for shielding a stream of molten metal during teeming consisting of a pair of cylinders aligned on a common axis by means adapted to position one cylinder against a ladle around the pouring spout and the second cylinder proximate a tundish, ingot mold or pouring trumpet. Also included are means to form a gas barrier between the cylinders to contain a shielding (inert) gas around the molten metal stream to protect the stream from contact by the ambient atmosphere and means to mount the apparatus on a pouring ladle carriage.