Abstract: This invention relates to a cartridge casing that has a substantially hemispherical end that integrally mates to a welded conforming base that stores a primer. One or more holes in the hemispherical end of the upper chamber aligns with a corresponding hole in the base having a lower pocket to allow primer gasses into the shell casing. The configuration of the base, in combination with upper chamber's distal end hemispherical concavity, removes from the prior art a nipple attachment to the upper chamber and sharp corners in the casing that allow for greater reliability in the integrity in the firing of the bullet, as well as the potential for a greater explosive effect due to a shorter passage to ignite the gun powder more uniformly by the primer source.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alignment apparatus for linear shaped parts to allow downstream operations in a manufacturing process that receives linear piece-parts, of three-dimensional objects such as longitudinal cylinder, a right rectangular prism, rectangular cuboid, rectangular parallelepiped, triangle prism, pentagonal prism, octagonal prism, hexagonal prism, tetrahedrons, pyramidal shape, which then aligns and dispenses the piece-part in a preferred orientation. The apparatus causes the piece-part to travel in a specific direction for further processing, such as drilling, heat-treating, or attaching other parts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating element that includes a carbon fiber tow having carbon threads enclosed between semi-rigid laminates, wherein each thread has an electrical resistance in the range of less than 0.25 to 0.50 ohm per centimeter, and wherein the threads are connected in electrical parallel and terminated into a copper braid, whereupon the application of a voltage generates heat for use in a wide range of appliances including a portable food warmer having a chafing pan and wherein the heating element is electrically connected to a power source controllable through one or more sensors for measuring the temperature of the chafing pan interior.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating element that includes a carbon fiber tow having carbon threads enclosed between semi-rigid laminates, wherein each thread has an electrical resistance in the range of less than 0.25 to 0.50 ohm per centimeter, and wherein the threads are connected in electrical parallel and terminated into a copper braid, whereupon the application of a voltage generates heat for use in a wide range of appliances including a portable food warmer having a chafing pan and wherein the heating element is electrically connected to a power source controllable through one or more sensors for measuring the temperature of the chafing pan interior.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a connector for attaching an electrical power source to a conductive fiber tow comprising: a flat surface having an upper and a lower mating portion substantially opposing each other; said upper portion includes a plurality of parallel ribbed troughs and said lower portion includes plurality of parallel ribbed protrusions wherein the upper and lower portions of said surface engagingly fasten a portion of said fiber tow between the ribbed protrusions and the ribbed troughs to hold the said fiber in a fixed position; and at least one electrical contact integral to the flat surface to supply electrical energy to said fiber for producing heat energy.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a connector for attaching an electrical power source to a conductive fiber tow comprising: a flat surface having an upper and a lower mating portion substantially opposing each other; said upper portion includes a plurality of parallel ribbed troughs and said lower portion includes plurality of parallel ribbed protrusions wherein the upper and lower portions of said surface engagingly fasten a portion of said fiber tow between the ribbed protrusions and the ribbed troughs to hold the said fiber in a fixed position; and at least one electrical contact integral to the flat surface to supply electrical energy to said fiber for producing heat energy.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a portable food warmer including a cavity having an insulated chafing pan installed therein, said pan including one or more walls or panels embedding a plurality of carbon fiber tow heating elements, the heating elements electrically connecting to a controllable power source utilizing a connector having an upper and lower portion that engagingly fastens a portion of said tow between ribbed protrusions and ribbed troughs to hold said fiber in position, such that the power source enables the heating of food.