Abstract: An apparatus includes a medium that is a metamaterial over a frequency range. The medium includes a stack of layers or slabs. A mechanical, electrical, or magnetic property of the layers or slabs of the stack varies monotonically between neighboring ones of the layers or slabs.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a medium that is a metamaterial over a frequency range. The medium includes a stack of layers or slabs. A mechanical, electrical, or magnetic property of the layers or slabs of the stack varies monotonically between neighboring ones of the layers or slabs.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an object and one or more sensors located adjacent to or in the object. The object is formed of a material whose dielectric constant or magnetic permeability has a negative real part at microwave-frequencies. The one or more sensors are located adjacent to or in the object and measure an intensity of an electric or a magnetic field therein.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an object and one or more sensors located adjacent to or in the object. The object is formed of a material whose dielectric constant or magnetic permeability has a negative real part at microwave-frequencies. The one or more sensors are located adjacent to or in the object and measure an intensity of an electric or a magnetic field therein.

Abstract: The specification describes a refractive lens for focusing cold neutrons. It comprises a plurality of concave lens elements made from materials with low neutron absorption.

Abstract: A read-only memory having sets of word lines and bit lines orthogonal to each other and separated by an insulator. At specific cell sites, selected by a memory algorithm, a word line is connected to bit lines by a doped or undoped polysilicon data resistor. The use of a data resistor, rather the an active device such as a MOSFET, provides a saving in space by a factor of four. The polysilicon data resistor may have a range of values, the minimum of which is determined by the number of cell sites and the resistance of the word and bit lines. The maximum value of the data resistor is determined by thermal noise considerations. Within this range, the data resistors may also have discrete values so that more than one data level may be stored at a cell site, to provide even greater storage density.