Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprise a compound of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl;R.sup.2 is alkyl optionally substituted by a 5 or 6 membered oxygen containing ring or by phenyl (optionally substituted) and one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is--CN and the other is a carboxylic ester or amide group. Many of the compounds are novel.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for condensing vapors and the like. Two basic embodiments are described.In the first embodiment the input and output connections of a standard Liebig type condenser are connected to a water jacket in a heat sink and water which is heated by the condensing action within the Liebig condenser transfers to the heat sink in which it loses its heat and returns as cool water to the Liebig condenser.Oil may alternatively be used as the heat transfer medium between the condenser and heat sink.In the second embodiment the condenser comprises a glass tube around which cooling fins are located in intimate contact with the tube. A window is provided by arranging that the fins do not extend completely around the tube to allow the interior of the tube to remain visible.Additional cooling can be obtained by using forced draught from a fan and by blackening the surface of the heat sink.

Abstract: There are provided, as novel herbicides, the substituted pyrazolopyrimidines of the formula: ##STR1## where A represents -CO-NR.sup.6 - or -C(OR.sup.7).dbd.N-, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are substituent groups as defined in the specification, and the salts and acid addition salts thereof. Processes for their preparation are provided, as also are herbicidal compositions containing them and methods of combating weeds in which they are used.