Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide smart alerts to users, e.g., alerts to users about diabetic states that are only provided when it makes sense to do so, e.g., when the system can predict or estimate that the user is not already cognitively aware of their current condition, e.g., particularly where the current condition is a diabetic state warranting attention. In this way, the alert or alarm is personalized and made particularly effective for that user. Such systems and methods still alert the user when action is necessary, e.g., a bolus or temporary basal rate change, or provide a response to a missed bolus or a need for correction, but do not alert when action is unnecessary, e.g., if the user is already estimated or predicted to be cognitively aware of the diabetic state warranting attention, or if corrective action was already taken.

Abstract: A method of preparing PAS acid is disclosed which involves sulphating an alcohol feedstock and incorporating in the reaction product, a stabilizing agent which comprises an (hydroxy) alkylene oxide residue.

Abstract: A phone-line-linked, tone-operated control apparatus in accordance with the invention comprises a detecting circuit coupled to a telephone line for detecting at least one predetermined sequence of predetermined tone signals received on the telephone line and for producing a corresponding sequence detection signal. An additional control circuit is responsive to the sequence detection signal for producing a corresponding control signal. Preferably, a break-in prevention circuit prevents access to the control apparatus unless a predetermined access code is first given.