Abstract: The present invention relates to certain pyrazole carboxylic acid derivatives of Formula (Ia), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as antilipolytic agents and against for the receptor RUP25, wherein: R2 is H, halogen, C1-12 alkyl or C1-12 haloalkyl; and R3 is C3-6 cycloalkyl, C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-4-alkylene, aryl-C1-4-alkylene or heteroaryl-C1-4-alkylene, wherein said aryl-C1-4-alkylene and heteroaryl-C1-4-alkylene can be optionally substituted 1 to 5 substituents selected from the substituents listed in the claims. Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of metabolic-related disorders, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Syndrome-X and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain benzotriazole carboxylic acid or ester derivatives of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, which exhibit useful pharmaceutical properties, for example, as agonists for the GPCR referred to as hRUP38. Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic-related disorders, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Syndrome-X and the like.

Abstract: A method of reducing deposit formation in a centrifuge system in a trunk piston diesel engine. The method includes the step of lubricating the trunk piston diesel engine with a trunk piston diesel engine lubricant composition having a total base number of more than 40 mg KOH/g, as determined by ASTM D2896, and including: at least 40 mass % of an oil of lubricating viscosity; at least one detergent, preferably at least two detergents; and at least 1.5 mass % of phenol, based on the total amount of the lubricant composition; with the proviso that if the trunk piston diesel engine lubricant composition includes at least one phenate detergent, the trunk piston diesel engine lubricant composition includes more than 1.7 mass %, preferably more than 1.9 mass %, of phenol.

Abstract: Oil-soluble overbased salicylate-phenate detergent additives comprising a complex in which the basic material of the detergent is stabilized by both salicylate and phenate surfactants. The mass % of the salicylate, as a percentage of the total surfactant mass, is at least 50, preferably greater than 50, provided that, when said mass % is less than 60, the TBN: mass % surfactant ratio of the detergent is 10 or less.

Abstract: Overbased detergent additives for lubricating oils comprise an organic substantially aromatic carboxylate, such as an alkylsalicylate, as a surfactant and have a TBN of 200 or greater, an active ingredient content of 70 mass % or greater, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 1000 mm2s−1 and a basicity index (BI) of less than 13.

Abstract: Oil-soluble overbased salicylate-phenate detergent additives comprising a complex in which the basic material of the detergent is stabilized by both salicylate and phenate surfactants. The mass % of the salicylate, as a percentage of the total surfactant mass, is at least 50, preferably greater than 50, provided that, when said mass % is less than 60, the TBN: mass % surfactant ratio of the detergent is 10 or less.

Abstract: Overbased detergent additives for lubricating oils comprise an organic substantially aromatic carboxylate, such as an alkylsalicylate, as a surfactant and have a TBN of 200 or greater, an active ingredient content of 70 mass % or greater, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 1000 mm2s−1 and a basicity index (BI) of less than 13.

Abstract: Phenate/salicylate overbased detergents with high proportions of phenate and salicylate surfactants in the surfactant system and with TBN; % surfactant ratios of 11 or more are useful marine diesel lubricant additives.

Abstract: Phenate detergents and salicylate detergents with high TBNs and/or high TBN: % surfactant ratios are useful marine diesel lubricant additives.

Abstract: Phenate overbased detergents with high TBN: % surfactant ratios are useful lubricant additives.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a calcium overbased detergent, of TBN at least 300, from at least two surfactants, at least one of which is a phenol surfactant or a salicylic acid surfactant. Overbasing is carried out in at least two steps, at a temperature of less than 100° C., at least one of the overbasing steps being followed by a heat-soaking step. The overbased detergents produced may be useful marine diesel lubricant additives.

Abstract: A process is described wherein olefins or acetylenic compounds are reacted with sulfurised intermediates to produce nitrile seal compatible additives. Olefin or acetylinic compound reaction with sulfurised compounds e.g. sulfurised phenols results in low chlorine additives. Also disclosed is a process for the production of low chlorine intermediates.

Abstract: Phenate overbased detergents and salicylate overbased detergents with TBN: % surfactant ratios of 11 or more are useful marine diesel lubricant additives.

Abstract: An improved polybutene-free lubricant composition for marine diesel engines, comprising a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and, provided by admixing therewith, minor amounts of a) at least one of a borated dispersant or oil-soluble or oil-dispersible boron compound; and b) one or more overbased metal compounds the or each compound having a TBN of at least 300, with the proviso that if an overbased metal salicylate is present then the TBN of said salicylate is at least 200; wherein the TBN of the composition is at least 10 and the viscosity index of the composition is at least 90.

Abstract: Complex detergents provide improved deposit control and corrosion protection in crankcase lubricants.

Abstract: A process is described wherein olefins or acetylenic compounds are reacted with sulfurised intermediates to produce nitrile seal compatible additives. Olefin or acetylinic compound reaction with sulfurised compounds e.g. sulfurised phenols results in low chlorine additives. Also disclosed is a process for the production of low chlorine intermediates.

Abstract: Dithiophosphoric acids are advantageously produced by reaction of an alcohol or phenol with phosphorus sesquisulphide in the presence of sulphur, preferably at the reflux temperature of the alcohol used.

Abstract: A magnesium phenate is prepared by a process which comprises reacting (1) magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium bicarbonate or a magnesium carboxylate with (2) a phenol, a methylene bis-phenol or a sulphurised phenol in the presence of (3) a solvent comprising an organic compound containing one or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups e.g. an alkoxy alcohol and (4) a promoter selected from a ketone, diketone such as .alpha. or .beta. diketone, aldehyde or carboxylic acid and (5) optionally a diluent oil. This magnesium phenate may be used as a detergent for a lubricating oil.