Abstract: This disclosure describes an ancient mechanical device which has been improved by modern machine tools, lubricants, ball bearings, and now by electromagnetics. A gear reducer/increaser with the use of magnetic bearing technology changes a friction dominated device into an element that can operate efficiently indefinitely in any environment with a range of operation heretofore impossible. Backlash, an inherent weakness of prior precision geared systems is small and controllable. This device can convert linear or rotational motions at specific force or torque levels to larger or smaller displacements with reciprocal changes in force or torque to preserve conservation of energy. It can be constructed in a variety of forms, with circular and concentric form gaining advantages of symmetry mechanically, less stray magnetic flux, and better “copper” utilization electrically.

Abstract: This disclosure describes an electronically commutated linear d.c. motor with an armature and field source fixed relative to each other and a third element on which motor action takes place, consisting of a salient pole structure into which magnetic flux is impressed with no physical contact and little or no reluctance change with axial motion. This machine retains all the virtues of conventional d.c. motors as efficient bilateral mechanical to electrical force transducers, with conventional or ironless armatures and permanent and electromagnet fields. It has a completely passive salient pole element which may be either the stationary or moving part of the motor. This disclosure also illustrates how the newly invented form of linear d.c. motor can be designed in such a way that the magnetic circuit is part of a suspension system. This dual functional use of the magnet and permeable iron minimizes weight and cost.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a new means for suspending and/or centering bodies without physical contact while avoiding some of the characteristic destabilizing forces between ferrous surfaces of prior magnetic bearings. It allows more linear control and produces bidirectional forces while retaining the wearout free and environmental and speed independence obtainable only by magnetic suspension. Single degree of freedom bearings are shown first. Axial, then two types of radial (2 axis) implementations, then four and five axis systems which can be motorized. Finally a “best mode” in which all six degrees of freedom are combined illustrating a uniquely practical configuration is shown. In all cases displacement sensors and conventional electronic control systems are needed and their use is implied since their availability unquestioned as are power supplies.