Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus has a vibration damper with a holder and a mass that is connected to the holder via a damping element. The vibration damper comprises a temperature control device for the temperature control of the damping element. The disclosure also relates to a method for designing a vibration damper.

Abstract: A positioning system for moving or positioning a moveable object, the system including: a dynamic support system including a reaction mass, a first support, a first spring system to support the reaction mass from the first support, a second support, a second spring system to support the first support from the second support, and a damping system to provide damping to the dynamic support system; and an actuator for generating a driving force between the moveable object and the reaction mass for moving or position the object, wherein a first eigenfrequency and a second eigenfrequency of the dynamic support system are substantially the same.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus has a vibration damper with a holder and a mass that is connected to the holder via a damping element. The vibration damper comprises a temperature control device for the temperature control of the damping element. The disclosure also relates to a method for designing a vibration damper.

Abstract: Cutting tools are provided that include a circular core with a cutting means located on its periphery, a central bore to receive an arbor of a rotating power tool and one or more perforations extending through the central core. The perforations are disposed along a circumference disposed concentrically with, and between, the central bore and the periphery. The perforations are arranged to form an annular window through the core which corresponds to a predetermined cutting depth during rotational operation of the tool.