Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described herein for fluorescent imaging of a retina using a head-mountable device. The retina is illuminated by a head-mountable device (HMD) with light at an excitation wavelength of a fluorophore in the retina and imaged by the HMD at an emission wavelength of the fluorophore. The direction of gaze of a user of the HMD could be determined from the retinal image. The pattern of vasculature in the retinal image could be used to identify the user of the HMD. Information in the retinal image could be used to determine the medical state of the user and diagnose disease states. Fluorescent agents can be introduced into the vasculature of the wearer of the HMD to facilitate these or other applications of fluorescent imaging of the retina using the HMD.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described herein for fluorescent imaging of a retina using a head-mountable device. The retina is illuminated by a head-mountable device (HMD) with light at an excitation wavelength of a fluorophore in the retina and imaged by the HMD at an emission wavelength of the fluorophore. The direction of gaze of a user of the HMD could be determined from the retinal image. The pattern of vasculature in the retinal image could be used to identify the user of the HMD. Information in the retinal image could be used to determine the medical state of the user and diagnose disease states. Fluorescent agents can be introduced into the vasculature of the wearer of the HMD to facilitate these or other applications of fluorescent imaging of the retina using the HMD.

Abstract: Apparatus are described herein including an imaging device and a multi-pixel display disposed in a head-mountable device (HMD). The apparatus includes an optical system configured to optically couple the multi-pixel display and the imaging device to a retina of a wearer of the head-mountable device, such that the retina is at a focal plane that is conjugate to both a first focal plane at the multi-pixel display and a second focal plane at the imaging device. The direction of gaze of a user of the HMD could be determined from the retinal image. The determined gaze direction could be used to operate the HMD. The pattern of vasculature in the retinal image could be used to identify the user of the HMD. Information in the retinal image could be used to determine the medical state of the user and diagnose disease states.

Abstract: A subsystem is disclosed providing a steerable-beam light source. An array of micromechanical reflectors may be disposed to selectively direct portions of light from a light source to selected targets in a scene, such as for providing composed illumination for still or video photography. The array of reflectors may be continuously steerable, thereby achieving more than the mere inefficient patterning of illumination light available from prior art projection approaches, but instead efficiently redirecting light to the desired regions of the scene. The subsystem may be sufficiently compact so as to permit integration with a compact camera into a cellular telephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital still-image camera, a digital video-image camera, and so on. The array may be operated in conjunction with a camera controller to selectively illuminate one or more targets of focus or zoom, omit illumination of undesirable image regions, etc.

Abstract: A subsystem is disclosed providing a steerable-beam light source. An array of micromechanical reflectors may be disposed to selectively direct portions of light from a light source to selected targets in a scene, such as for providing composed illumination for still or video photography. The array of reflectors may be continuously steerable, thereby achieving more than the mere inefficient patterning of illumination light available from prior art projection approaches, but instead efficiently redirecting light to the desired regions of the scene. The subsystem may be sufficiently compact so as to permit integration with a compact camera into a cellular telephone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital still-image camera, a digital video-image camera, and so on. The array may be operated in conjunction with a camera controller to selectively illuminate one or more targets of focus or zoom, omit illumination of undesirable image regions, etc.

Abstract: A drug deactivation system according to some embodiments includes at least one drug-retaining region of a drug delivery device and at least one energy source coupled to the at least one drug-retaining region. The at least one drug-retaining region may be configured to retain a drug. The at least one energy source may be configured to transmit energy to the drug. The drug is capable of being rendered ineffective in the presence of the transmitted energy.

Abstract: A compact, optical measurement system has a non-flat detector array having multiple detector elements arranged on a flexible substrate in a monolithic fashion, one or more illumination sources arranged to provide more than one angle of incidence of light on a subject being measured, and a detection system in electrical communication with the detector array, the detection system arranged to receive inputs from the detector array and provide a measurement from the inputs. A method of measuring reflectance of a surface includes placing the surface adjacent a hemispherical detector array, illuminating the surface from a predetermined angle of incidence, simultaneously detecting reflectance at multiple emission angles using the hemispherical detector array, and repeating the illuminating and detecting processes at different angles of incidence. Optional arrays of lenses, baffles and filters may be employed by the system.

Abstract: A method of enabling administration of a drug includes determining, within a drug-transfer device including cells, a location of at least one cell and generating information identifying the determined location. A user may be provided with the drug-transfer device. The drug is retained within the at least one cell when the user is provided with the drug-transfer device. The method also includes encoding a key with the information and providing the user with the key before, after or when the user is provided with the drug-transfer device. Drug retained within the at least one cell is selectively releasable when the key is operably proximate to the drug-transfer device and is encoded with the information. The key can be encoded with the information before and/or after being provided to the user. In some embodiments, the key is encoded based on instructions transmitted over a network.

Abstract: Devices capable of deterring or preventing bulk extraction of drugs from, for example, drug-delivery systems are exemplarily disclosed. In one embodiment, such a device may include a package releasably retaining a drug and an agent. The agent is configured to suppress a physiological effect of the drug when the agent contacts the drug or is coadministered with the drug. The cell package is configured such that an amount of the drug is selectively releasable with respect to the agent when the package is operably proximate to an encoded key. The package, however, may be configured to impose a relatively high likelihood that either the drug will not be accessed or the drug will be contaminated by the agent if access to the contents of the package is sought without the use of an encoded key.

Abstract: A drug deactivation system according to some embodiments includes at least one drug-retaining region of a drug delivery device and at least one energy source coupled to the at least one drug-retaining region. The at least one drug-retaining region may be configured to retain a drug. The at least one energy source may be configured to transmit energy to the drug. The drug is capable of being rendered ineffective in the presence of the transmitted energy.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a drug-transfer device includes forming a package having a first component retaining multiple volumes of a drug and a second component retaining an agent. The first component and the second component are integrally formed together. The agent is configured to suppress a physiological effect of the drug when the agent contacts the drug or is coadministered with the drug. The method allows exterior surfaces of the first and second components to be cleanable (e.g., prior to final assembly). After such cleaning, either no or substantially no amount of drug and agent is present outside the package. According to some embodiments, the package may be fabricated such that either no or substantially no amount of the drug is present within the second component and such that either no or substantially no amount of the agent is present within the first component.

Abstract: A drug deactivation system according to some embodiments includes at least one drug-retaining region of a drug delivery device and at least one energy source coupled to the at least one drug-retaining region. The at least one drug-retaining region may be configured to retain a drug. The at least one energy source may be configured to transmit energy to the drug. The drug is capable of being rendered ineffective in the presence of the transmitted energy.

Abstract: Two integrated multi-beam sources are positioned and disposed such that each emits light toward an optical splitter. The emitted light is polarized such that the splitter brings the optical paths of the two integrated multi-beam sources generally parallel to one another such that the optical system aperture throughput for the two integrated multi-beam sources is roughly the same as for a single integrated multi-beam source. The splitter may be such that a portion of the optical energy from each source is directed into an imaging path and a portion of the optical energy is directed toward one or more non-polarizing splitters and optical sensors for, inter alia, controlling the output of the sources. In various embodiments, the number of splitters, and hence the extent of optical loss, may be reduced by use of a combined polarized and non-polarized splitter, dual polarized splitters, and time-sequenced beam generation and monitoring.

Abstract: Two integrated multi-beam sources are positioned and disposed such that each emits light toward an optical splitter. The emitted light is polarized such that the splitter brings the optical paths of the two integrated multi-beam sources generally parallel to one another such that the optical system aperture throughput for the two integrated multi-beam sources is roughly the same as for a single integrated multi-beam source. The splitter may be such that a portion of the optical energy from each source is directed into an imaging path and a portion of the optical energy is directed toward one or more non-polarizing splitters and optical sensors for, inter alia, controlling the output of the sources. In various embodiments, the number of splitters, and hence the extent of optical loss, may be reduced by use of a combined polarized and non-polarized splitter, dual polarized splitters, and time-sequenced beam generation and monitoring.

Abstract: A compact, optical measurement system has a non-flat detector array having multiple detector elements arranged on a flexible substrate in a monolithic fashion, one or more illumination sources arranged to provide more than one angle of incidence of light on a subject being measured, and a detection system in electrical communication with the detector array, the detection system arranged to receive inputs from the detector array and provide a measurement from the inputs. A method of measuring reflectance of a surface includes placing the surface adjacent a hemispherical detector array, illuminating the surface from a predetermined angle of incidence, simultaneously detecting reflectance at multiple emission angles using the hemispherical detector array, and repeating the illuminating and detecting processes at different angles of incidence. Optional arrays of lenses, baffles and filters may be employed by the system.

Abstract: A method of enabling administration of a drug includes determining, within a drug-transfer device including cells, a location of at least one cell and generating information identifying the determined location. A user may be provided with the drug-transfer device. The drug is retained within the at least one cell when the user is provided with the drug-transfer device. The method also includes encoding a key with the information and providing the user with the key before, after or when the user is provided with the drug-transfer device. Drug retained within the at least one cell is selectively releasable when the key is operably proximate to the drug-transfer device and is encoded with the information. The key can be encoded with the information before and/or after being provided to the user. In some embodiments, the key is encoded based on instructions transmitted over a network.

Abstract: Devices capable of deterring or preventing bulk extraction of drugs from, for example, drug-delivery systems are exemplarily disclosed. In one embodiment, such a device may include a package releasably retaining a drug and an agent. The agent is configured to suppress a physiological effect of the drug when the agent contacts the drug or is coadministered with the drug. The cell package is configured such that an amount of the drug is selectively releasable with respect to the agent when the package is operably proximate to an encoded key. The package, however, may be configured to impose a relatively high likelihood that either the drug will not be accessed or the drug will be contaminated by the agent if access to the contents of the package is sought without the use of an encoded key.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a drug-transfer device includes forming a package having a first component retaining multiple volumes of a drug and a second component retaining an agent. The first component and the second component are integrally formed together. The agent is configured to suppress a physiological effect of the drug when the agent contacts the drug or is coadministered with the drug. The method allows exterior surfaces of the first and second components to be cleanable (e.g., prior to final assembly). After such cleaning, either no or substantially no amount of drug and agent is present outside the package. According to some embodiments, the package may be fabricated such that either no or substantially no amount of the drug is present within the second component and such that either no or substantially no amount of the agent is present within the first component.

Abstract: A drug deactivation system according to some embodiments includes at least one degradable capsule exposed to at least one drug-retaining region of a drug delivery device and an agent. The agent is configured to render a drug ineffective upon degradation of the at least one capsule. The at least one drug-retaining region is configured to retain one of the drug and the agent and the at least one capsule is configured to retain the other of the drug and the agent.

Abstract: A drug deactivation system according to some embodiments includes at least one drug-retaining region of a drug delivery device and at least one energy source coupled to the at least one drug-retaining region. The at least one drug-retaining region may be configured to retain a drug. The at least one energy source may be configured to transmit energy to the drug. The drug is capable of being rendered ineffective in the presence of the transmitted energy.