Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: A scattering microscopy arrangement uses a microscope to image an object comprising a surface. A light source emits illuminating light and a light detector detects light elastically scattered from the object. An electric potential is applied to the surface that affects the electrochemical properties of the object while imaging. The electric potential provides a contrast mechanism that improves the imaging and allows for characterisation of the object and/or the surrounding environment.

Abstract: The application discloses a method and apparatus for imaging a sample by interferometric scattering microscopy, the method comprising illuminating a sample with at least one coherent light source, the sample being held at a sample location comprising an interface having a refractive index change, illuminating the sample with illuminating radiation to generate a backpropagating signal from the sample comprising light reflected at the interface and light scattered by the sample, splitting the backpropagating signal into first and second signals, modifying the second signal using a modifying element such that the second signal differs from the first signal, directing the first and second signals onto first and second detectors to generate, respectively, first and second images and comparing, by a processor, the first and second images to determine one or more characteristics of the sample.

Abstract: A scattering microscopy arrangement uses a microscope to image an object comprising a surface. A light source emits illuminating light and a light detector detects light elastically scattered from the object. An electric potential is applied to the surface that affects the electrochemical properties of the object while imaging. The electric potential provides a contrast mechanism that improves the imaging and allows for characterisation of the object and/or the surrounding environment.

Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: The application discloses a method and apparatus for imaging a sample by interferometric scattering microscopy, the method comprising illuminating a sample with at least one coherent light source, the sample being held at a sample location comprising an interface having a refractive index change, illuminating the sample with illuminating radiation to generate a backpropagating signal from the sample comprising light reflected at the interface and light scattered by the sample, splitting the backpropagating signal into first and second signals, modifying the second signal using a modifying element such that the second signal differs from the first signal, directing the first and second signals onto first and second detectors to generate, respectively, first and second images and comparing, by a processor, the first and second images to determine one or more characteristics of the sample.

Abstract: A scattering microscopy arrangement uses a microscope to image an object comprising a surface. A light source emits illuminating light and a light detector detects light elastically scattered from the object. An electrical potential is applied to the surface that affects the electrochemical properties of the object while imaging The electrical potential provides a contrast mechanism that improves the imaging and allows for characterisation of the object and/or the surrounding environment.

Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: The invention relates the use of single particle light scattering, preferably interferometric scattering microscopy (also referred to herein as iSCAT), to measure the concentration of a particle in a solution. The invention furthermore relates to the use of light scattering to detect lipoprotein particles in a sample, and to related diagnostic and treatment methods.

Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: An interferometric scattering microscope is adapted by performing spatial filtering of output light, which comprises both light scattered from a sample location and illuminating light reflected from the sample location, prior to detection of the output light. The spatial filtering passes the reflected illumination light but with a reduction in intensity that is greater within a predetermined numerical aperture than at larger numerical apertures. This enhances the imaging contrast for coherent illumination, particularly for objects that are weak scatterers.

Abstract: Pulp and/or paper samples are scanned with a Laser Raman Spectroscopic probe, utilizing Raman spectroscopic technology, to generate Raman spectroscopic images of all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants contained in the sample, to compare the same with a library of Raman spectroscopic fingerprints of known constituents and/or contaminants, and to identify and communicate data on all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants for purposes of controlling the paper making process and/or determination of the quality of the paper produced.

Abstract: Pulp and/or paper samples are scanned with a Laser Raman Spectroscopic probe, utilizing Raman spectroscopic technology, to generate Raman spectroscopic images of all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants contained in the sample, to compare the same with a library of Raman spectroscopic fingerprints of known constituents and/or contaminants, and to identify and communicate data on all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants for purposes of controlling the paper making process and/or determination of the quality of the paper produced.