Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for predicting a patient's response to immune based or target therapy are described herein. An example computer-implemented method includes generating a model configured to represent dynamics and interactions among normal T cells, engineered cells, and tumor cells, where the model includes a plurality of cell population compartments. The computer-implemented method also includes receiving pre-treatment patient data for a cancer patient, and receiving post-treatment patient data for the cancer patient. Each of the pre-treatment patient data and the post-treatment patient data includes a measure of at least one of tumor volume, total lymphocytes, memory T cells, memory engineered cells, tumor killing cells, or antigen-presenting tumor cells.