Abstract: A process and a signal processing unit determine a pneumatic parameter (Pmus) for the spontaneous breathing of a patient. The patient is ventilated mechanically by a ventilator. A lung-mechanical model (20) and a gradient model (22) are preset. The lung-mechanical model (20) describes a relationship between the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) as well as a volume flow signal (Vol?), a volume signal (Vol) and/or a respiratory signal (Sig), which can be measured. The gradient model (22) describes a value for the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) as a function of N chronologically earlier values of the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) or of a variable correlating with the pneumatic parameter (Pmus). N values for the correlating variable are determined at first. At least one additional value is subsequently determined for the pneumatic parameter (Pmus). N chronologically earlier values of the correlating variable, current signal values, the lung-mechanical model (20) and the gradient model (22) are used for this purpose.

Abstract: Process/unit for determining intrinsic breathing activity of a ventilated patient. The process/unit carries out a first ventilating operation, in which a ventilator parameter at a first setting. The process/unit generates a first set of signal values as a function of measured values, which were measured at the first setting. A first breathing activity value is derived using a predefined lung mechanical model and the first set of signal values. The process/unit calculates a value for the reliability that the first breathing activity value agrees with the corresponding actual breathing activity value. Depending on this reliability assessment, the process/unit checks whether a predefined triggering criterion is met. If this criterion is met, then the process/unit triggers a change step, in which the ventilator parameter is set at a second setting. It carries out an additional ventilating operation, in which the ventilator parameter is set at the second setting.

Abstract: A process and a signal processing unit for determining a first pneumatic indicator (Pmus,1) and a second pneumatic indicator (Pmus,2) for the breathing activity of a patient, wherein the two values describe the activity of two different regions of the respiratory system. In one alternative of the present invention, two respiratory signals (Sig1, Sig2) are generated from measured values. The two values (Pmus,1, Pmus,2) are determined with the use of these respiratory signals (Sig1, Sig2) and of a predefined function (Fkt) and of predefined relationships (Zus1, Zus2).

Abstract: A process and signal processing unit (5) determine a cardiogenic signal (Sigkar,est) or a respiratory signal (Sigres,est) from a sum signal (SigSum), resulting from a superimposition of cardiac activity and breathing of a patient (P). A signal estimating unit (6), which yields a shape parameter as a value of a transmission channel parameter (LF), is generated during a training phase. A sample with a sample element per heartbeat is used. During a use phase, the transmission channel parameter is measured for each heartbeat, a shape parameter value is calculated by the application of the signal estimating unit and is used to calculate an estimated cardiogenic signal segment (SigHz,kar.LF) or an estimated respiratory signal segment. The cardiogenic signal segments are combined into the cardiogenic signal or the respiratory signal segments are combined into the respiratory signal or the cardiogenic signal segments are subtracted from the sum signal.

Abstract: A device, a process and a computer program influence the breathing of a person. The device (10) for influencing the inspiratory muscles of a person (20) includes a detection device (12) for detecting an electromyographic signal of the person; a breathing influencing device (14) and a control device (16) for controlling the detection device (12) and the breathing influencing device (14). The control device (16) is configured to determine information on a muscle state of an inspiratory muscle of the person (20) on the basis of the electromyographic signal. The control device (16) is further configured to operate the breathing influencing device (14) as a function of the information on the muscle state in a training mode, which is limited in time, with a training intensity.

Abstract: A device provides a first data signal that indicates an activity of at least one muscle of a patient that is relevant for an inspiratory breathing effort and a second data signal that indicates an activity of at least one muscle of the patient that is relevant for an expiratory breathing effort. The data signals are generated from electromyography (EMG) signals detected by surface electromyography sensors. A computer is configured to determine breathing phase information on the basis of a breathing signal and to check at least one of the electromyography signals or at least one of the separated signals for detectability of a heart signal component and further to assign the signals to an inspiratory breathing activity as well as to an expiratory breathing activity of the patient as a function of the breathing phase information.

Abstract: A reaction carrier (14), a measuring device (12) and a measuring method for measuring a concentration of gaseous/aerosol components of a gas mixture uses reaction material (48) which reacts in an optically detectable manner with at least one component to be measured or with a reaction product of the component to be measured. The reaction carrier includes a flow channel (42) with sections (43) and extends between connecting elements (44). A gas treatment element (47), in each of the sections, changes chemical or physical properties of the gas mixture flowing therethrough or reacts, depending on the chemical or physical properties. The sections are separated from each other in a gas-tight manner by a separating element (49). A coupling element (45) opens the separating element and establishes a connection between the sections when the coupling element is activated. The measuring device includes an activation element (25) to activate the coupling element.

Abstract: A process and a signal processing unit determine a pneumatic parameter (Pmus) for the spontaneous breathing of a patient. The patient is ventilated mechanically by a ventilator. A lung-mechanical model (20) and a gradient model (22) are preset. The lung-mechanical model (20) describes a relationship between the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) as well as a volume flow signal (Vol?), a volume signal (Vol) and/or a respiratory signal (Sig), which can be measured. The gradient model (22) describes a value for the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) as a function of N chronologically earlier values of the pneumatic parameter (Pmus) or of a variable correlating with the pneumatic parameter (Pmus). N values for the correlating variable are determined at first. At least one additional value is subsequently determined for the pneumatic parameter (Pmus). N chronologically earlier values of the correlating variable, current signal values, the lung-mechanical model (20) and the gradient model (22) are used for this purpose.

Abstract: A device provides a first data signal that indicates an activity of at least one muscle of a patient that is relevant for an inspiratory breathing effort and a second data signal that indicates an activity of at least one muscle of the patient that is relevant for an expiratory breathing effort. The data signals are generated from electromyography (EMG) signals detected by surface electromyography sensors. A computer is configured to determine breathing phase information on the basis of a breathing signal and to check at least one of the electromyography signals or at least one of the separated signals for detectability of a heart signal component and further to assign the signals to an inspiratory breathing activity as well as to an expiratory breathing activity of the patient as a function of the breathing phase information.

Abstract: A method selects the setting of a first operating parameter of a ventilation system that includes devices for feeding breathing air to and removing from a patient (7), a display device (13) with a screen (15) and a computer (11). The method includes presetting a first target value range for a first ventilation parameter, calculating permissible first operating parameter values by the computer (11) for the first operating parameter, so that the first ventilation parameter value is within the target value range if a permissible first operating parameter value is set; calculating values of a preset cost function, which is a function of at least one operating parameter, by the computer (11); selecting a first operating parameter value by the computer (11), at which the value of the cost function has an optimum; and outputting the selected first operating parameter value on the screen (15) of the display device (13).

Abstract: A reaction carrier (14), a measuring device (12) and a measuring method measure a concentration of gaseous/aerosol components of a gas mixture. The reaction carrier (14) has a flow channel (42) defining a reaction chamber (46) with an optically detectable reaction material (48) reacts with at least one component of the gas mixture or with a reaction product of the component. A humidity measuring element (84), of the reaction carrier (14), detects a humidity of the gas mixture flowing through the flow channel (42). The measuring device (12) has a humidity detection unit (85) that reads the humidity measuring element (84). A humidity determining unit (94) determines a humidity based on the detected humidity. The measuring method determines a humidity of the supplied gas mixture in the flow channel (42) and determines a concentration of the component on the basis of the optically detectable reaction and the measured humidity.

Abstract: A measuring device (10) and a measuring method measure a concentration of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture. A reaction carrier (14) has a flow channel (42) defining a reaction chamber (46) with an optically detectable reaction material (48) to react with at least one component or with a reaction product of the component. The measuring device (12) includes a gas delivery unit (2) and detection unit (3) having a lighting device (37) for lighting the reaction chamber (46). An optical sensor (38) detects the reaction. An evaluation unit (4) evaluates data of the optical sensor (38) to determines a concentration. The gas delivery unit (2) includes a gas delivering device (28) delivering the gas mixture through the gas outlet channel (18) and a control/regulation unit (31) which controls/regulates a flow of the gas mixture through the flow channel (42) depending on at least one reaction speed parameter.

Abstract: A reaction carrier (14), a measuring device (12) and a measuring method measure a concentration of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture. A flow channel (42), extends between two connecting elements (44) and defines a reaction chamber (46) with an optically detectable reaction material (48) that reacts a component of the gas mixture or with a reaction product of the component. The reaction carrier (14) includes a temperature-measuring element (88). The measuring device (12) includes a temperature-measuring element (90) which records a temperature of the measuring device (12) and/or of the reaction carrier (14), and a temperature-determining unit (92) which determines the temperature of the gas mixture as a function of the measurement result of the at least one temperature-measuring element (90). The measuring method includes determining a concentration of the component on the basis of an optically detectable reaction and the determined temperature of the gas mixture.

Abstract: A magazine device (14) and method are provided for a measuring device (12) for measuring a concentration of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture. The magazine device (14) includes a holding device (16) for a plurality of reaction carriers (18), which have each at least one reaction chamber with a reactant. The reactant is designed to react with a particular component to be measured in the gas mixture or with a reaction product of the component to be measured in an optically detectable manner. A feed device (20) removes a reaction carrier (18) of the plurality of reaction carriers (18) from the holding device (16) and feed the reaction carrier to the measuring device (12) for carrying out a measurement of the particular component to be measured in the gas mixture. A control unit (22) controls the holding device (16) and/or the feed device (20).

Abstract: A measuring system and device (12), a reaction carrier (14) and a measuring method for measuring a concentration of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture are provided. The reaction carrier includes flow channels (42) and a coding that is detectable by a position sensor (36) to position the reaction carrier flow channels. At least one flow channel defines a reaction chamber (46) in which optically detectable reaction material (48) is provided. A position sensor detects a relative position of the reaction carrier. A conveying device (28) moves the reaction carrier relative to gas connections (22, 24) of a gas-inlet channel (16) and a gas-outlet channel (16, 18) between a measuring position with gas connections via a first flow channel for flushing the gas inlet channel and gas connections via a second flow channel defining a reaction chamber, for measuring the component of the gas mixture.

Abstract: A measuring device (10) and a measurement method measure a concentration of gaseous/aerosol components of a gas mixture. A reaction carrier (14) has a flow channel (42) defining a reaction chamber (46) having a optically detectable reaction material (48), that reacts with a gas mixture component or with a reaction product. The measuring device (12) includes a gas-conveying assembly (2) with a gas-conveying apparatus (28) conveying the gas mixture and a detection assembly (3), which has a lighting apparatus (37) for lighting the reaction chamber (46), an optical sensor (38) for sensing the optically detectable reaction, and an evaluating unit (4) evaluating sensor data and determining a concentration of the component of the gas mixture. The detection assembly (3) senses a speed of a reaction front (6) propagating in the flow direction in the reaction chamber (46) and determines a preliminary concentration from the speed of the reaction front (6).

Abstract: A pressure sensor (100) for a measuring system (10) measuring concentrations of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture with a reaction carrier (14), with a flow channel (42). The flow channel (42) forms a reaction chamber (46) with a reactant (48), that enters into an optically detectable reaction, and with a measuring device (12) with a gas port unit (5) connecting an inlet channel (16) and an outlet channel (18) to the flow channel (42) and a gas delivery unit (28). The pressure sensor (100) measures a pressure difference of a gas mixture flowing through the gas delivery assembly unit (2) and/or the flow channel (42) of the reaction carrier (14) and has an elastic element (102), which is configured to undergo deformation as a function of the pressure difference. A measuring method, a measuring device and a reaction carrier for such a measuring system are also provided.

Abstract: A measuring system (10) and method measure a concentration of components of a gas mixture of gas/aerosol. A reaction support (14) has a flow channel (42) that forms a reaction chamber (46) with an optically detectable reactant (48) that reacts with at least one component or with a reaction product of the component. The flow channel (42) is at least partially filled with particles (100, 102, 104, 110) which have a pre-flow starting position and to which a gas flow is applied through the flow channel (42) in a flow position. The particles (100, 102, 104, 110) are designed (configured) in such a manner that the particles (100, 102, 104, 110) in the starting position and the particles (100, 102, 104, 110) in the flow position can be optically distinguished. The invention also relates to an optical flow sensor (109) for determining a flow of a fluid.

Abstract: A method selects the setting of a first operating parameter of a ventilation system that includes devices for feeding breathing air to and removing from a patient (7), a display device (13) with a screen (15) and a computer (11). The method includes presetting a first target value range for a first ventilation parameter, calculating permissible first operating parameter values by the computer (11) for the first operating parameter, so that the first ventilation parameter value is within the target value range if a permissible first operating parameter value is set; calculating values of a preset cost function, which is a function of at least one operating parameter, by the computer (11); selecting a first operating parameter value by the computer (11), at which the value of the cost function has an optimum; and outputting the selected first operating parameter value on the screen (15) of the display device (13).

Abstract: A pressure sensor (100) for a measuring system (10) measuring concentrations of gaseous and/or aerosol components of a gas mixture with a reaction carrier (14), with a flow channel (42). The flow channel (42) forms a reaction chamber (46) with a reactant (48), that enters into an optically detectable reaction, and with a measuring device (12) with a gas port unit (5) connecting an inlet channel (16) and an outlet channel (18) to the flow channel (42) and a gas delivery unit (28). The pressure sensor (100) measures a pressure difference of a gas mixture flowing through the gas delivery assembly unit (2) and/or the flow channel (42) of the reaction carrier (14) and has an elastic element (102), which is configured to undergo deformation as a function of the pressure difference. A measuring method, a measuring device and a reaction carrier for such a measuring system are also provided.