Abstract: A method for securely negotiating symmetrical keys between at least two participants of a communication involves each of the participants being equipped in pairs with a common secret or can be equipped indirectly via a further participant, which respectively shares a common secret with each other the two other participants. The participants are each equipped in pairs with at least one common key derivation function or can thus be equipped indirectly via the further participant. If a symmetrical key or the renewal of a symmetrical key is needed, it is derived based on the common secret and one of the key derivation functions according to a derivation rule, which includes at least the key derivation function to be used and at least one parameter for the key derivation function and is communicated to one of the participants by the other participant.

Abstract: Data transmitted in a system having at least three instances is authenticated between two of these instances. Some of the instances implement an authentication mechanism so that a first instance can authenticate itself to a neighboring instance trusting the first instance. The data to be transmitted by the first instance as a source instance to a non-neighboring target instance is authenticated by the source instance and passed to an intermediate instance that trusts the source instance. The intermediate instance checks the authentication and provides the data with the identity label of the source instance, reauthenticates the data, and passes it to a neighboring instance trusting the intermediate instance. The neighboring instance checks the authentication, reauthenticates the data provided with the identity label of the source instance and passes it to a neighboring instance that trusts it, this process being repeated until the data to be transmitted reaches the target instance.

Abstract: A method for checking cryptographic secrets for equality involves at least one of the secrets being stored in a read-protected manner in a secure system. The at least one secure system has a cryptographic hash value interface. For checking purposes, a hash value of the secret provided with a salt or with the hash value of a salt is output via the interface for comparison with a corresponding hash value of another secret provided with the salt or with the hash value of the salt.

Abstract: A method for securely negotiating symmetrical keys between at least two participants of a communication involves each of the participants being equipped in pairs with a common secret or can be equipped indirectly via a further participant, which respectively shares a common secret with each other the two other participants. The participants are each equipped in pairs with at least one common key derivation function or can thus be equipped indirectly via the further participant. If a symmetrical key or the renewal of a symmetrical key is needed, it is derived based on the common secret and one of the key derivation functions according to a derivation rule, which includes at least the key derivation function to be used and at least one parameter for the key derivation function and is communicated to one of the participants by the other participant.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing an audio input signal having one or more audio channels to obtain an audio output signal according to an embodiment is provided. The apparatus has a reverberation gain determiner configured to determine reverberation gain information depending on the audio input signal. Moreover, the apparatus has a signal processor configured to obtain the audio output signal depending on the reverberation gain information by adding artificial reverberation to the audio input signal or to a preprocessed audio signal, which depends on the audio input signal.

Abstract: A method for checking cryptographic secrets for equality involves at least one of the secrets being stored in a read-protected manner in a secure system. The at least one secure system has a cryptographic hash value interface. For checking purposes, a hash value of the secret provided with a salt or with the hash value of a salt is output via the interface for comparison with a corresponding hash value of another secret provided with the salt or with the hash value of the salt.

Abstract: A tire including a tread wear indicator is provided. The tire includes a pair of sidewalls, in which each sidewall extends from a respective bead area to a tread. The tread includes a plurality of main circumferential grooves, in which the main circumferential grooves are disposed in and proximate an axial center area of the tread. At least one shallow groove is formed in the tread, and each shallow groove includes a depth relative to the surface of the tread that is less than a depth of each of the main circumferential grooves. A primary tread wear indicator is disposed in at least one of the main circumferential grooves, and a secondary tread wear indicator is disposed in the shallow groove.

Abstract: A tire including a tread wear indicator is provided. The tire includes a pair of sidewalls, in which each sidewall extends from a respective bead area to a tread. The tread includes a plurality of main circumferential grooves, in which the main circumferential grooves are disposed in and proximate an axial center area of the tread. At least one shallow groove is formed in the tread, and each shallow groove includes a depth relative to the surface of the tread that is less than a depth of each of the main circumferential grooves. A primary tread wear indicator is disposed in at least one of the main circumferential grooves, and a secondary tread wear indicator is disposed in the shallow groove.

Abstract: A filter element for a filter device of an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, is disclosed. The filter element for filtering a fluid of the internal combustion engine can be inserted in the direction of an insertion axis along a lateral wall of a filter housing. The filter element has at least one sealing element for fluidically blocking at least one throughflow opening formed in the lateral wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the thickness of multi-layer films (13) comprising layers consisting of various non-conductive materials. According to said method, the thickness of the multi-layer film (13) is measured by a first sensor (17) and a second sensor (16) and optionally additional sensors. The first sensor (17) measures the profile of the total thickness in a short cycle with a duration of approximately 1-2 minutes, but with a large measuring error margin. The second sensor (16) measures the profile of the total thickness with a small measuring error margin but in a long cycle with a duration of approximately 10 to 30 minutes. A correction profile for the first sensor (17) can be calculated by comparing the two thickness profiles.

Abstract: The apparatus is suited to reduce the friction between two bodies (1, 2) moving relative to each other. The two bodies (1, 2), which move relative to each other, can contact each other constantly or occasionally or have a small distance from one another of, for example, up to one millimeter. The distance can vary. With the relative movement of both bodies (1, 2), for example, the one body can be a sensor (1) which is firmly installed, and the second body can be a foil (2), which moves with considerably constant speed. The device has a vibration device (3, 4, 5, 6) for vibrating at least one of the bodies (1, 2). The vibration movements of the vibrated bodies can have any pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the thickness of multi-layer films (13) comprising layers consisting of various non-conductive materials. According to said method, the thickness of the multi-layer film (13) is measured by a first sensor (17) and a second sensor (16) and optionally additional sensors, whereby all the sensors take a measurement at the same location under the same conditions if possible. The first sensor (17) and the second (16) or additional sensors generate different measured values for layers of the multi-layer film (13) of the same thickness consisting of the same material (13). The measured signals of the sensors (16, 17) are fed to a computer (18), which determines the total thickness of the multi-layer film (13) and/or the thickness of the individual layers of the multi-layer film (13) from the different measured values of the first sensor (17) and the second (16) or additional sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the thickness of multi-layer films (13) comprising layers consisting of various non-conductive materials. According to said method, the thickness of the multi-layer film (13) is measured by a first sensor (17) and a second sensor (16) and optionally additional sensors. The first sensor (17) measures the profile of the total thickness in a short cycle with a duration of approximately 1-2 minutes, but with a large measuring error margin. The second sensor (16) measures the profile of the total thickness with a small measuring error margin but in a long cycle with a duration of approximately 10 to 30 minutes. A correction profile for the first sensor (17) can be calculated by comparing the two thickness profiles.

Abstract: The apparatus is suited to reduce the friction between two bodies (1, 2) moving relative to each other. The two bodies (1, 2) which move relative to each other, can contact each other constantly or occasionally or have a small distance from one another of, for example, up to one millimeter. The distance can vary. With the relative movement of both bodies (1, 2), for example, the one body can be a sensor (1) which is firmly installed, and the second body can be a foil (2), which moves with considerably constant speed. The device has a vibration device (3, 4, 5, 6) for vibrating at least one of the bodies (1, 2). The vibration movements of the vibrated bodies can have any pattern.

Abstract: In a device for exhaust gas recirculation, with an intake duct and an exhaust gas recirculation duct, which projects into the intake duct and via which exhaust gas is recirculated to the fresh air in the intake duct, the exhaust gas recirculation duct has an outlet orifice oriented toward the fresh gas inlet flow and a diverting device is disposed in front of the outlet orifice for redirecting the exhaust gas discharged front the outlet orifice in the direction of flow of the fresh air in the intake duct.

Abstract: In a device for exhaust gas recirculation, with an intake duct and an exhaust gas recirculation duct, which projects into the intake duct and via which exhaust gas is recirculated to the fresh air in the intake duct, the exhaust gas recirculation duct has an outlet orifice oriented toward the fresh gas inlet flow and a diverting device is disposed in front of the outlet orifice for redirecting the exhaust gas discharged front the outlet orifice in the direction of flow of the fresh air in the intake duct.

Abstract: Injection device (1) for injecting fluid from a fluid container (4) equipped with a piston (5), comprising an actuating device (7) having a rod-shaped driven member (9) having a structured surface, a control button (8) being movable in axial direction, and a hollow cylindrical counter component (11) having a structured internal sleeve and said counter component matching the rod-shaped driven member (9). When twisting the counter component (11) in relation to the driven member (9), the driven member (9) can be shifted freely in axial direction. This allows the free return of the driving member—without the need for additional control elements—only when the patient releases the driven member (9) by turning it, i.e. by a conscious additional operation.