Abstract: A method for computer-supported control of the power in an electrical power supply network, including a plurality of nodes which are connected to one another via power lines, each containing a first energy generator and/or a second energy generator and/or an energy consumer is provided. A power estimation is provided for each node, which is composed of an estimation of the future load of the energy consumer and an estimation of the future power of the second regenerative energy generator in the respective node. Fluctuations of a first type of the power estimations for the respective nodes are permitted in a first predetermined tolerance region, and fluctuations of a second type of the power estimations are permitted in a second predetermined tolerance region. The fluctuations of the first type are compensated by primary balancing power and the fluctuations of the second type are compensated by secondary balancing power.

Abstract: Provided is a method for charging or discharging an electrochemical energy store, the ageing behavior of which energy store is modelled by describing its depth of discharge at which a depth of discharge value is associated with each time period between two adjacent local maxima and minima in a time-dependent state of charge profile, which depth of discharge value corresponds to the charging or discharging stroke between the state of charge values of the two adjacent local maxima and minima.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining parameters of an electrochemical energy store in a computer-aided manner, wherein a plurality of temporally successive measurement data records having respective assigned measurement times and a predefined model of the energy store are processed. A particular measurement data record includes a measured voltage value of a terminal voltage of the energy store, a measured current value of a current flow in the form of a charging or discharging current of the energy store and a state of charge measured value of the state of charge of the energy store Equation parameters of at least one linear equation system are stipulated in the method, which equation system is based on the predefined model.

Abstract: A method for predicting a performance of an electrical energy storage system includes receiving, as input, time series of data points pertaining to a plurality of operational parameters of the electrical energy storage system. The input time series is provided to a model that simulates dynamics of the electrical energy storage system. A plurality of performance indicators of the electrical energy storage system may be calculated based on the simulated dynamics of the electrical energy storage system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to combined heat and power plants. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for operating such a plant to provide electrical and thermal energy to a consumer unit, comprising: simultaneously generating electrical energy and heat in a process flow based on a demand for electricity; storing heat generated in excess of a demand for heat; and increasing a heat output when a difference between an actual provided heat output and the demand for heat is exceeded.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining parameters of an electrochemical energy store in a computer-aided manner, wherein a plurality of temporally successive measurement data records having respective assigned measurement times and a predefined model of the energy store are processed. A particular measurement data record includes a measured voltage value of a terminal voltage of the energy store, a measured current value of a current flow in the form of a charging or discharging current of the energy store and a state of charge measured value of the state of charge of the energy store Equation parameters of at least one linear equation system are stipulated in the method, which equation system is based on the predefined model.

Abstract: A method for computer-supported control of the power in an electrical power supply network, including a plurality of nodes which are connected to one another via power lines, each containing a first energy generator and/or a second energy generator and/or an energy consumer is provided. A power estimation is provided for each node, which is composed of an estimation of the future load of the energy consumer and an estimation of the future power of the second regenerative energy generator in the respective node. Fluctuations of a first type of the power estimations for the respective nodes are permitted in a first predetermined tolerance region, and fluctuations of a second type of the power estimations are permitted in a second predetermined tolerance region. The fluctuations of the first type are compensated by primary balancing power and the fluctuations of the second type are compensated by secondary balancing power.

Abstract: A system for providing a primary control power (PCP) for a power grid (PG) by at least one energy storage device (ESD) comprising an energy resource controller (ERC) connected to said energy storage device (ESD), wherein said energy resource controller (ERC) has a state of charge control unit (SOC-CU) adapted to perform a state of charge (SOC) power control of the energy storage device (ESD) to avoid inadmissible state of charge states of the energy storage device (ESD) caused by a stochastic demand for primary control power (PCP) by said power grid (PG).

Abstract: Provided is a method for charging or discharging an electrochemical energy store, the ageing behavior of which energy store is modelled by describing its depth of discharge at which a depth of discharge value is associated with each time period between two adjacent local maxima and minima in a time-dependent state of charge profile, which depth of discharge value corresponds to the charging or discharging stroke between the state of charge values of the two adjacent local maxima and minima.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: A method for predicting a performance of an electrical energy storage system includes receiving, as input, time series of data points pertaining to a plurality of operational parameters of the electrical energy storage system. The input time series is provided to a model that simulates dynamics of the electrical energy storage system. A plurality of performance indicators of the electrical energy storage system may be calculated based on the simulated dynamics of the electrical energy storage system.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: A system for providing a primary control power (PCP) for a power grid (PG) by at least one energy storage device (ESD) comprising an energy resource controller (ERC) connected to said energy storage device (ESD), wherein said energy resource controller (ERC) has a state of charge control unit (SOC-CU) adapted to perform a state of charge (SOC) power control of the energy storage device (ESD) to avoid inadmissible state of charge states of the energy storage device (ESD) caused by a stochastic demand for primary control power (PCP) by said power grid (PG).

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a communications network having multiple nodes, wherein the nodes comprise a first node and at least one second node, where the first node generates first cycle counter states according to a reference clock frequency and the second node or nodes each generate second cycle counter states according to an internal clock frequency, where a time synchronization is carried out in sequential synchronization cycles, in which synchronization messages originating from the first node are sequentially transmitted from one node to another node, and a synchronization message transmitted by a node contains information used for time synchronization in the at least one second node receiving the synchronization message such that a time synchronization is performed in a given second node based on an estimation of a first cycle counter state and a compensation factor in combination with a linear quadratic regulator.

Abstract: Electrical and thermal energy is generated for at least one load by a combined heat and power plant, wherein the retrieved heat output is increased when a threshold value for a difference between a provided and retrieved heat output is exceeded.

Abstract: A system and method for time synchronization in a communication network. The communication network includes a plurality of network nodes each having a respective internal clock, and a reference node having a reference clock and each configured transmits synchronization messages within the communication network. At least one network node is configured to determine an estimated reference clock time discretely upon arrival of a synchronization message at the at least one network node. To that end, the at least one network node includes a controller for determining a controlled time comprising a time-continuous estimate of the discreetly estimated reference clock time. The controller is configured to determine the controlled time based on an input that is extrapolated to an execution time instant of the controller, where the execution time instant is separated from the time instant of arrival of the synchronization message by a delay (?tdelay).

Abstract: Method, device and system for detecting a disturbance, e.g., at least one short mechanical impact (shock or vibration) on a clock of a slave device by detecting a non-typical variation of a tracking error, i.e., a tracking error having a deviation that exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein such a non-typical variation can be determined by the deviation from a statistical measure, e.g., a variance or a standard deviation, such that the determination of the quality of a clock signal is advantageously allowed and thus suitable counter-measures are provided. The method, device and system are applicable for all kinds of technical systems comprising slave devices that have a clock, e.g., devices in industrial and automation systems. The method, device and system are also applicable in communication systems that use a protocol to synchronize the clocks of its devices, e.g., Profinet.

Abstract: A method for transmitting synchronization messages in a communications network including a plurality of nodes having a first node and at least one second node, wherein in order to take into account differences in a reference clock frequency of a reference clock and an internal clock frequency of an internal clock of the at least one second node, a compensation interval, with which the second clock count state is adjusted on measurement of a delay time, is subdivided into smaller compensation timespans, and the smaller compensation timespans are used to determine a compensated time value for the delay time with a high degree of accuracy, where the compensated time value is then used to update the time information in the synchronization message.

Abstract: A device and method for time synchronization in a communication network, wherein a virtual clock is produced by a controller in each network node based on the PROFINET-Standard and/or the Precision Transparent Clock Protocol. In contrast to known methods for estimating the time, the time of the virtual clock does not undergo sudden changes. The virtual clock includes a controlled, continuous path. As a result, the virtual clock is particularly suitable for time-critical applications. Here, the estimation of the time of a reference clock is improved by 18-35%. Accordingly, a markedly greater number of network nodes may be synchronized with a predetermined level of accuracy for the time synchronization.

Abstract: A method for transmitting synchronization messages in a communications network including a plurality of nodes having a first node and at least one second node, wherein in order to take into account differences in a reference clock frequency of a reference clock and an internal clock frequency of an internal clock of the at least one second node, a compensation interval, with which the second clock count state is adjusted on measurement of a delay time, is subdivided into smaller compensation timespans, and the smaller compensation timespans are used to determine a compensated time value for the delay time with a high degree of accuracy, where the compensated time value is then used to update the time information in the synchronization message.