Abstract: A system for measuring (200) a sample (2) by deflectometry comprising: a source (10) for generating a light beam in a source plane (105); an illumination module (19) for forming an illumination beam (9) comprising: a first converging optical element (18); a first selection optical element (16) with a first aperture (160); reflective matrix optical modulation means (30) to form a pattern (7), said first aperture (160) being configured to control the angles of said illumination beam (9) on said reflective matrix optical modulation means (30); a Schlieren lens (20) for obtaining an angle-intensity encoding of said pattern (7) on the sample (2); imaging (40) and detecting means (50) for detecting an image of said sample (2).

Abstract: Method for conversion of a measurement of an lens (1) comprising the following steps: receiving an experimental lens measurement (EXP) of the lens (1) from a light measurement of the lens (1); determining from the experimental lens measurement (EPX) a digital lens model representing the lens (1) (Si); determining, based on the digital lens model, a converted digital lens measurement (SIM2) representing a converted lens measurement of the lens (1) (S2); determining, based on the experimental lens measurement (EXP1) and the converted digital lens measurement (SIM2), a measurement result (CON) for the lens (1) (S3).

Abstract: A system for measuring (200) a sample (2) by deflectometry comprising: a source (10) for generating a light beam in a source plane (105); an illumination module (19) for forming an illumination beam (9) comprising: a first converging optical element (18); a first selection optical element (16) with a first aperture (160); reflective matrix optical modulation means (30) to form a pattern (7), said first aperture (160) being configured to control the angles of said illumination beam (9) on said reflective matrix optical modulation means (30); a Schlieren lens (20) for obtaining an angle-intensity encoding of said pattern (7) on the sample (2); imaging (40) and detecting means (50) for detecting an image of said sample (2).

Abstract: An exemplary method for set retarding the surface of a mortar or concrete material, comprising applying to the surface of a mortar or concrete, or to the inner surface of a mold for forming the mortar or concrete, a hot melt coating composition which is heated to assume a flowable or sprayable form, and allowing the hot melt coating composition to cool to ambient temperature whereby the composition forms a solidified membrane, and thereafter removing the membrane. Preferably, the hot melt coating composition contains at least one agent operative to retard the setting of the mortar or concrete, and optional finely divided particulate materials, light-reflective pigments, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for increasing cyclic prefix and cyclic suffix based upon a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The method includes representing at least one of the one or more DMT symbols in frequency domain to produce a frequency domain representation. The frequency domain representation corresponds to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. Next the QAM constellation is rotated in the frequency domain by changing a characteristic of the DMT symbol as a function of tone index (k), cyclic extension length (CE), inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) size (N), and pi. Finally, a number of extended symbols are produced to represent the DMT symbol based upon the rotating.

Abstract: An exemplary method for set retarding the surface of a mortar or concrete material, comprising applying to the surface of a mortar or concrete, or to the inner surface of a mold for forming the mortar or concrete, a hot melt coating composition which is heated to assume a flowable or sprayable form, and allowing the hot melt coating composition to cool to ambient temperature whereby the composition forms a solidified membrane, and thereafter removing the membrane. Preferably, the hot melt coating composition contains at least one agent operative to retard the setting of the mortar or concrete, and optional finely divided particulate materials, light-reflective pigments, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: To generate a pseudo-random sequence of multi-carrier data symbols, a pseudo-random bit sequence is produced by repetitively generating a pseudo-random sequence of L bits, L being a first integer value. To create a multi-carrier data symbol, N bits are used, N being a second integer value. The pseudo-random bit sequence is subdivided into strings of N? bits, N? being a third integer value larger than N, and N bits out of each string of N? bits are used to generate a respective multi-carrier data symbol. N?-N bits out of each string of N? bits are left unused.

Abstract: In a multi-carrier system, the carriers (f0 . . . f511, f512 . . . f1023, . . . , f3584 . . . f4095) are grouped in subsets (SUBSET1; SUBSET2; . . . ; SUBSET8). A constellation information transmitting arrangement (BiGi_TA), for instance located in the multi-carrier receiver (RX), produces for each carrier subset (SUBSET1; SUBSET2; . . . ; SUBSET8) a limited set of parameter values (B1, G1; B2, G2; . . . ; B8, G8) and transmits these sets of parameter values (B1, G1; B2, G2; . . . ; B8, G8) to a constellation information receiving arrangement (BiGi_RA), for instance located in the multi-carrier transmitter (TX). Through interpolation of the limited set of parameter values (B1, G1; B2, G2; . . . ; B8, G8) the latter constellation information receiving arrangement (BiGi_RA) determines the constellation where each carrier (f0 . . . f511, f512 . . . f1023, . . . , f3584 . . . f4095) of a carrier subset (SUBSET1; SUBSET2; . . . ; SUBSET8) will be modulated with.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to synchronise a multi-carrier transmission system wherein a time misalignment between a transmitter and a receiver is determined through an average of at least two pilot tones phase errors (Øi) weighted in accordance with the noise affecting each pilot tone transmission. Such method is characterised in that, when the noise affecting a pilot tone (38, 40) reaches a predetermined level, the pilot tone function is reallocated from this pilot tone (38, 40) to another carrier (42, 44) and/or this pilot tone weight is reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for increasing cyclic prefix and cyclic suffix based upon a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The method includes representing at least one of the one or more DMT symbols in frequency domain to produce a frequency domain representation. The frequency domain representation corresponds to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. Next the QAM constellation is rotated in the frequency domain by changing a characteristic of the DMT symbol as a function of tone index (k), cyclic extension length (CE), inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) size (N), and pi. Finally, a number of extended symbols are produced to represent the DMT symbol based upon the rotating.

Abstract: Surface retarder compositions of the invention comprise at least one surface retarder active suspended in a vegatable oil or derivative thereof, an animal oil or derivative thereof, or mixtures thereof. Methods involving use of the compositions are also described.

Abstract: To generate a pseudo-random sequence (PRMS1) of multi-carrier data symbols (DMT0, DMT1, DMT2), a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS1) is produced by repetitively generating a pseudo-random sequence of L bits, L being a first integer value (L=4). To create a multi-carrier data symbol (DMT0, DMT1, DMT2) N bits are used, N being a second integer value (N=8). The pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS1) is subdivided into strings of N? bits, N? being a third integer value larger than N (N?=9), and N bits out of each string of N? bits are used to generate a respective multi-carrier data symbol (DMT0, DMT1, DMT2). N?-N bits out of each string of N? bits are left unused.

Abstract: To generate a pseudo-random sequence of multi-carrier data symbols, a pseudo-random bit sequence is produced by repetitively generating a pseudo-random sequence of L bits, L being a first integer value. To create a multi-carrier data symbol, N bits are used, N being a second integer value. The pseudo-random bit sequence is subdivided into strings of N? bits, N? being a third integer value larger than N, and N bits out of each string of N? bits are used to generate a respective multi-carrier data symbol. N?-N bits out of each string of N? bits are left unused.

Abstract: A multi-carrier receiver selects antennas (A31, A32), i.e. carriers whereto a small amount of power and data is allocated, for estimation of characteristics of a narrowband disturber (RFI-Signal-3) in the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band), a predetermined band for e.g. radio amateur transmission. These antennas (A31, A32) can be selected amongst all carriers located inside the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band) and at least two carriers (C1, C2) located outside the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band).

Abstract: Surface retarder compositions of the invention comprise at least one surface retarder active suspended in a vegatable oil or derivative thereof, an animal oil or derivative thereof, or mixtures thereof. Methods involving use of the compositions are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modem and a method for providing bit loading computation in a multi-carrier communication system, using a plurality of simultaneous different carriers or tones by measuring the signal to noise ratios (SNRs) for carriers and by determining in dependence of the SNR a related number of bits to be allocated to the respective carrier. The method comprises the steps of providing a sliding window having a frequency width able to contain a predetermined number of the carriers, moving the sliding window over the frequency spectrum of the carriers through a plurality of positions of the window with respect to the carrier frequencies, and when the window contains the predetermined number of the carriers and there is at least one further carrier to be positioned in the window as a new carrier for bit allocation, the window is moved such that on entering a new carrier into the window at one of its borders, a carrier already in the window at the other frequency border leaves the window.

Abstract: An integrated modem circuits comprising processor-systems (1) and hardware (2,3) for exchanging signals with another modem circuit 1 Mb/s or more are provided with low cost, accurate, flexible filter software (11) for embodying a digital phase locked loop filter. Said hardware (2,3) comprises fast modules (22,32) for compensating for sample processing. The insight of hardware phase locked loops being expensive, not accurate, inflexible and of software phase locked loops being slow results in the basic idea of the phase locked loop calculations being done in software and the compensations being done in hardware. Sample software (14,15) processes samples (shifting-adding-deleting). Said hardware (2,3) comprises in the transmission path (2) mappers (21), rotors (22) and inverse Fourier transformators (23) and in the receiving path (3) Fourier transformators (33), rotors (32) and demappers (31). Control software (12,13) controls said rotors (22,32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to synchronise a multi-carrier transmission system wherein a time misalignment between a transmitter and a receiver is determined through an average of at least two pilot tones phase errors (Øi) weighted in accordance with the noise affecting each pilot tone transmission. Such method is characterised in that, when the noise affecting a pilot tone (38, 40) reaches a predetermined level, the pilot tone function is reallocated from this pilot tone (38, 40) to another carrier (42, 44) and/or this pilot tone weight is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modem and a method for providing bit loading computation in a multi-carrier communication system, using a plurality of simultaneous different carriers or tones by measuring the signal to noise ratios (SNRs) for carriers and by determining in dependence of the SNR a related number of bits to be allocated to the respective carrier. The method comprises the steps of providing a sliding window having a frequency width able to contain a predetermined number of the carriers, moving the sliding window over the frequency spectrum of the carriers through a plurality of positions of the window with respect to the carrier frequencies, and when the window contains the predetermined number of the carriers and there is at least one further carrier to be positioned in the window as a new carrier for bit allocation, the window is moved such that on entering a new carrier into the window at one of its borders, a carrier already in the window at the other frequency border leaves the window.

Abstract: A multi-carrier receiver selects antennas (A31, A32), i.e. carriers whereto a small amount of power and data is allocated, for estimation of characteristics of a narrowband disturber (RFI-Signal-3) in the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band), a predetermined band for e.g. radio amateur transmission. These antennas (A31, A32) can be selected amongst all carriers located inside the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band) and at least two carriers (C1, C2) located outside the Radio Frequency Interference band (RFI-Band).