Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a sol-gel solution which can be used to prepare a barium titanate ceramic doped with hafnium and/or with at least one lanthanide element, comprising the following steps: a) a step to place a first mixture comprising a barium carboxylate and a diol solvent in contact with a second mixture comprising a titanium alkoxide and a hafnium alkoxide and/or an alkoxide of a lanthanide element in a monoalcohol solvent; b) a step to distil the mixture resulting from step a) to remove at least part of the monoalcohol solvent; c) a step to add acetic acid, under heat, to the distilled mixture of step b).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a sol-gel solution which can be used to prepare a barium titanate ceramic doped with hafnium and/or with at least one lanthanide element, comprising the following steps: a) a step to place a first mixture comprising a barium carboxylate and a diol solvent in contact with a second mixture comprising a titanium alkoxide and a hafnium alkoxide and/or an alkoxide of a lanthanide element in a monoalcohol solvent; b) a step to distil the mixture resulting from step a) to remove at least part of the monoalcohol solvent; c) a step to add acetic acid, under heat, to the distilled mixture of step b).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a material based on metal element(s) oxide(s) on a substrate, comprising the following successive steps: a) depositing, by liquid means, on at least one face of this substrate, at least one layer of a sol-gel precursor solution of the constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material; b) depositing, by liquid means, on said layer deposited in a), at least one layer of a dispersion comprising a powder of metal element(s) oxide(s) and a sol-gel solution identical to or different from that used in step a), said solution being a precursor of the constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material and the powder consisting of constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material; c) heat treating said layers deposited in a) and b) in order to transform them into said material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a material based on metal element(s) oxide(s) on a substrate, comprising the following successive steps: a) depositing, by liquid means, on at least one face of this substrate, at least one layer of a sol-gel precursor solution of the constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material; b) depositing, by liquid means, on said layer deposited in a), at least one layer of a dispersion comprising a powder of metal element(s) oxide(s) and a sol-gel solution identical to or different from that used in step a), said solution being a precursor of the constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material and the powder consisting of constituent metal element(s) oxide(s) of said material; c) heat treating said layers deposited in a) and b) in order to transform them into said material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting fishing rod including a reel on which is wound some fishing line. The reel includes a fishing line braking system which can be positioned in a line braking or non-braking position. A pusher element is configured, in a first position, to activate the braking system in the braking position and, in a second position, to allow the braking system to return to the non-braking position. A stop system is configured, in a position of engagement, to hold the pusher element in the first position and, in a position of disengagement, to release the pusher element and allow it to return to the second position. An inertia flyweight is attached to a flexible wire element arranged between the stop system and the rod, the inertia of the flyweight allowing movement of the stop system into the position of disengagement.

Abstract: A method of preparing a sol of lead zirconium titanate, known as PZT, of formula PbZrxTi(1?x)O3 with 0.45?x?0.7, comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a concentrated sol in a diol, the sol comprising a titanium-based precursor, a zirconium-based precursor, and a lead-based precursor; (b) placing the concentrated sol at ambient temperature without agitation, until a sol is obtained having a constant viscosity as a function of time; (c) diluting the sol obtained in (b) with a solvent compatible with the diol used in step (a). The sol is useful for preparing PZT-based films for use in the electronics field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing layers made of oxide ceramic that conform to substrates having features in relief comprising: a step of depositing on said substrate a layer of a sol-gel solution that is a precursor of said ceramic; a heat treatment step of said layer with a view to converting it to the ceramic; said steps being optionally repeated one or more times, characterized in that the sol-gel solution that is a precursor of said ceramic is prepared by a process successively comprising the following steps: a) preparing a first solution by bringing the molecular precursor or precursors of the metals intended to be incorporated into the composition of the ceramic into contact with a medium comprising a diol solvent and optionally an aliphatic monoalcohol; b) leaving the solution obtained in a) to stand for a sufficient time needed to obtain a solution that has a substantially constant viscosity; c) diluting the solution obtained in b) to a predetermined amount with a dial solvent o

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing a material based on piezoelectric ceramic oxide(s) comprising the following steps: a) wet deposition on at least one surface of a substrate of a layer of a dispersion comprising a piezoelectric ceramic oxide powder and a piezoelectric ceramic oxide precursor sol-gel solution identical to or different from the piezoelectric oxide constituting the powder; b) repeating a) once or several times, so as to obtain a stack of at least two layers; c) heat-treating said layers so as to transform them into corresponding ceramics; d) wet-shrink impregnation of the stack obtained at c) with a sol-gel solution identical to the one used in step a); e) optionally repeating step d) once or several times; f) heat-treating said stack, so as to transform the sol-gel impregnating the stack into the corresponding piezoelectric ceramics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a stable sol-gel solution as precursor of an oxide ceramic based on lead, titanium, zirconium and one or more lanthanides, comprising, in succession, the following steps: a) a sol-gel solution is prepared by bringing a lead-containing molecular precursor, a titanium-containing molecular precursor, a zirconium-containing molecular precursor and a lanthanide-metal-containing molecular precursor into contact with a medium comprising a diol solvent and optionally an aliphatic monoalcohol; b) the solution obtained in step a) is left to stand for a sufficient time needed to obtain a solution having an approximately constant viscosity; and c) the solution obtained in step b) is diluted to a predetermined amount with a diol solvent identical to that of step a) or a solvent miscible with this solvent. Application to the preparation of an oxide ceramic material comprising lead, a lanthanide metal, titanium and zirconium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a sol of lead zirconium titanate, known as PZT, of formula PbZrxTi(1-x)O3 with 0.45≦x≦0.