Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (Ia), (Ib), (II), (IIa), (III), (IIIa), and (IIIb), as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The compounds can be used to improve proteostasis and enhance clearance of protein accumulation events by positively modulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, including augmenting the activity of cathepsin enzymes, and/or to treat neurological diseases, disorders and conditions, such as, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lewy body dementias, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, and ?-synucleinopathies.

Abstract: A method of protecting and immunizing plants against attack by insects, acarina, nematodes and viruses, and for improving the qualities of the plants, which method comprises applying to the plants, to parts of the plants and/or to the locus of the plants an effective amount of a compound of formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for stereocontrolled preparation of 1',1'-disubstituted and 1'-spiro-nucleosides of the formula I ##STR1## in which the substituents A, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are as defined in claim 1, and to novel intermediates and their use in this process and to processes for the preparation of the novel intermediates. The process is illustrated by the example of biologically active (+)-hydantocidin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for stereocontrolled preparation of 1',1'-disubstituted and 1'-spiro-nucleosides of the formula I ##STR1## in which the substituents A, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are as defined in claim 1, and to novel intermediates and their use in this process and to processes for the preparation of the novel intermediates. The process is illustrated by the example of biologically active (+)-hydantocidin.