Abstract: Processes for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol and reactive derivatives thereof in a liquid phase reaction medium, wherein the reaction medium comprises a finite amount of water, a homogeneous catalyst, an alkyl halide promoter, and a catalyst stabilizer/co-promoter comprising a dissymmetric phosphonium cation.

Abstract: A method for the selective production of ordered carbon nanotubes includes decomposition of a carbon source in the gaseous state in contact with at least one solid catalyst, taking the form of metallic particles borne by carrier grains. The catalyst grains are adapted so as to be able to form a fluidised bed containing between 1% and 5% by weight of metallic particles having average dimensions of between 1 nm and 10 nm. The decomposition takes place in a fluidised bed of catalyst grains. The method can be used to obtain pure nanotubes with predetermined dimensions in a high yield.