Abstract: A payment authentication service authenticates the identity of a payer during online transactions. The authentication service of the present invention allows a card issuer to verify a cardholder's identity using a variety of authentication methods, such as the use of passwords. Also, the only system participant requiring a certificate is the issuing financial institution. One embodiment of the invention for authenticating the identity of a cardholder during an online transaction involves querying an access control server to determine if a cardholder is enrolled in the payment authentication service, requests a password from the cardholder, verifies the password, and notifies a merchant whether the cardholder's authenticity has been verified. In another aspect of the invention, a chip card and the authentication service independently generate cryptograms that must match in order for the service to verify that the correct chip card is being used by the cardholder.

Abstract: A payment authentication service authenticates the identity of a payer during online transactions. The authentication service of the present invention allows a card issuer to verify a cardholder's identity using a variety of authentication methods, such as the use of passwords. Also, the only system participant requiring a certificate is the issuing financial institution. One embodiment of the invention for authenticating the identity of a cardholder during an online transaction involves querying an access control server to determine if a cardholder is enrolled in the payment authentication service, requests a password from the cardholder, verifies the password, and notifies a merchant whether the cardholder's authenticity has been verified. In another aspect of the invention, a chip card and the authentication service independently generate cryptograms that must match in order for the service to verify that the correct chip card is being used by the cardholder.

Abstract: Techniques for changing a participation status in a loyalty program for a portable device are provided. The techniques include receiving an indication to change the participation status in the loyalty program from a first status to a second status. A parameter is modified in the portable device where the modification of the parameter corresponds to a change in the participation status in the loyalty program from the first status to the second status.

Abstract: A system for facilitating memory and application management on a smartcard the system includes a client having a number of applications and a smartcard having specification logic allowing file structures and security and access conditions to be defined using a set of common commands. Each application has a corresponding group of data on the smartcard. An applet instance is created for each application and corresponding group of application data. At the time of instantiation, the specification logic allows an application to specify the file structure and/or to specify security and access conditions for its group of data. An application can utilize passcode and credential management so that a single passcode is used to access the smartcard regardless of whether the application utilizes the common commands to specify a file structure.

Abstract: A system for facilitating memory and application management on a smartcard the system includes a client having a number of applications and a smartcard having specification logic allowing file structures and security and access conditions to be defined using a set of common commands. Each application has a corresponding group of data on the smartcard. An applet instance is created for each application and corresponding group of application data. At the time of instantiation, the specification logic allows an application to specify the file structure and/or to specify security and access conditions for its group of data. An application can utilize passcode and credential management so that a single passcode is used to access the smartcard regardless of whether the application utilizes the common commands to specify a file structure.

Abstract: A system for facilitating memory and application management on a smartcard the system includes a client having a number of applications and a smartcard having specification logic allowing file structures and security and access conditions to be defined using a set of common commands. Each application has a corresponding group of data on the smartcard. An applet instance is created for each application and corresponding group of application data. At the time of instantiation, the specification logic allows an application to specify the file structure and/or to specify security and access conditions for its group of data. An application can utilize passcode and credential management so that a single passcode is used to access the smartcard regardless of whether the application utilizes the common commands to specify a file structure.

Abstract: A system for facilitating memory and application management on a smartcard the system includes a client having a number of applications and a smartcard having specification logic allowing file structures and security and access conditions to be defined using a set of common commands. Each application has a corresponding group of data on the smartcard. An applet instance is created for each application and corresponding group of application data. At the time of instantiation, the specification logic allows an application to specify the file structure and/or to specify security and access conditions for its group of data. An application can utilize passcode and credential management so that a single passcode is used to access the smartcard regardless of whether the application utilizes the common commands to specify a file structure.

Abstract: A system including a secured token having a plurality of applets. Each applet supports a plurality of commands and is capable of being instantiated to create one or more applet instances. Each applet instance is capable of supporting the same plurality of commands that is supported by the applet that creates that applet instance. The applet instances can provide different file structures or different access conditions for data on the secured token.

Abstract: A garment, such as a skirt, culottes, dress, pair of trousers, shorts, bermuda shorts or similar article, featuring a means for temporarily attaching a clothing accessory such as a glove, the means featuring press studs of which the male or female elements are attached permanently to the garment in a place that is readily accessible to the hand of the person wearing the garment, and a piece of self-adhering fabric associated permanently or temporarily with the garment in the said area, and the said means are arranged such that the said press stud elements allow the piece of self-adhering fabric to be either exposed in order to attach the clothing accessory or covered so that the piece of self-adhering fabric is concealed from view.

Abstract: Techniques for changing a participation status in a loyalty program for a portable device are provided. The techniques include receiving an indication to change the participation status in the loyalty program from a first status to a second status. A parameter is modified in the portable device where the modification of the parameter corresponds to a change in the participation status in the loyalty program from the first status to the second status.

Abstract: A dental hygiene appliance for brushing teeth composed of a handle; a brushing head connected to the handle and a set of tooth brushing bristles projecting in a given direction from the head; a source of monochromatic radiation having a given wavelength; and elements for directing the radiation from the head in a direction having at least a component in the given direction; wherein the elements for directing radiation are structurally separate from the bristles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a medical or dental treatment by: providing radiation at two different wavelengths and at respective power levels such that the radiation at each wavelength is individually capable of cutting a given organic tissue; simultaneously applying the laser radiation at the two different wavelengths to a single body region which is composed of the given tissue; and directing a cooling fluid at the single body fluid region simultaneously with the step of applying radiation.

Abstract: An endodontic file comprising a handle and an elongate cutting portion, a distal end remote from the handle and formed to have a first file portion which is adjacent the distal end and has the physical form of a k file, and a second file portion, which is located between the first portion and the handle and has the physical form of a Hedstrom file.

Abstract: An analog type of microwave frequency divider for dividing frequency by two. It comprises a common emitter transistor (8) and a feedback loop comprising a filter (9, 11) and a phase-adjusting inductor (12). The filter (9, 11) is tuned to half the input frequency (fe/2) and the transistor (8) operates in its non-linear region. The two inductors (11, 12) are made of microstrip. The divider also includes an output matching filter comprising a capacitance (14) and two inductors (15, 16) which are likewise both made of microstrip.