Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method for fault-response in an energy storage system (ESS), wherein the ESS comprises a string of series-connected energy storage cabinets (110), and the string of energy storage cabinets comprises at least two energy storage cabinets (110A, 110B) and a discharge resistor (150) arranged such that the discharge resistor is selectively connectable to each or both of the two cabinets (110A, 110B). The method comprises detecting a failure of a first cabinet (110A) of the two cabinets (110A, 110B) and, in response to detecting the failure of the first cabinet (110A), selectively electrically connecting the discharge resistor (150) to the first cabinet (110A), thereby discharging electrical energy stored in the first cabinet (110A) via the discharge resistor (150).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an arc chute for a medium voltage circuit breaker having a housing, at least one stack of a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates arranged in the housing, the at least one stack defining a first axis in parallel to a stacking direction; an arc space arranged in the housing, wherein the arc space is adapted to allow an arc to expand therein; and at least one arc quenching plate disposed in the housing, wherein the arc guiding plate has at least one surface which has a surface plane extending in parallel to the first axis. Further, the present disclosure relates to a circuit breaker having a switching unit with a first switch contact and a second switch contact, movable between a first position, wherein the first switch contact contacts the second switch contact, and a second position, wherein the first switch contact is separated from the second switch contact, and an arc chute.

Abstract: A switch unit for a DC circuit is disclosed, which includes a first switch contact, and a second switch contact, which is movable between a first position, wherein the first switch contact contacts the second switch contact, and a second position, wherein the second switch contact is separated from the first switch contact. A positioning element to position an arc chute on the switch unit, the arc chute comprises a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates, the positioning element arranged to guide an arc, which is created between the first switch contact and the second switch contact, into the arc chute in an arc displacement direction in order to be extinguished. At least one gas emitting element, wherein at an interruption operation of the circuit breaker at its nominal current, the arc between the first switch contact and the second switch contact vaporizes a portion of the gas emitting layer.

Abstract: A switch unit 200 for a voltage circuit breaker that includes a first switch contact 202a and a second switch contact 202b. The first switch contact 202a is movable between a first position in which the first switch contact 202a contacts the second switch contact and a second position in which the first and second switch contacts 202a, 202b are separated from each other. Further, a positioning element to position an arc chute 100 on the switch unit. The arc chute 100 includes at least two stacks 102, 106 of a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates 104, 104a, 104b, . . . , 104n, 108, 108a, 108b, . . . , 108n. The switch unit includes a first connection device 120, 230a capable to electrically connect the first switch contact 202a to a predetermined metal plate 104a selected of the most proximal 25% metal plates of the first stack 102.

Abstract: An arc chute for a DC circuit breaker is disclosed which includes at least one stack of a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates, the at least one stack defining a first axis A in parallel to a stacking direction; an arc space adapted to allow an arc to extend along the first axis, wherein a second axis traversing in parallel to the metal plates the at least one stack and the arc space substantially orthogonal to the first axis. Further, an arc-chute housing having at least one side wall, the at least one side wall being substantially parallel to the second axis, wherein the distance between the at least one sidewall and the metal plates is, for example, less than 5 mm, such as less than 2 mm.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an arc chute for a medium voltage circuit breaker having a housing, at least one stack of a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates arranged in the housing, the at least one stack defining a first axis in parallel to a stacking direction; an arc space arranged in the housing, wherein the arc space is adapted to allow an arc to expand therein; and at least one arc quenching plate disposed in the housing, wherein the arc guiding plate has at least one surface which has a surface plane extending in parallel to the first axis. Further, the present disclosure relates to a circuit breaker having a switching unit with a first switch contact and a second switch contact, movable between a first position, wherein the first switch contact contacts the second switch contact, and a second position, wherein the first switch contact is separated from the second switch contact, and an arc chute.

Abstract: A switch unit 200 for a voltage circuit breaker that includes a first switch contact 202a and a second switch contact 202b. The first switch contact 202a is movable between a first position in which the first switch contact 202a contacts the second switch contact and a second position in which the first and second switch contacts 202a, 202b are separated from each other. Further, a positioning element to position an arc chute 100 on the switch unit. The arc chute 100 includes at least two stacks 102, 106 of a plurality of substantially parallel metal plates 104, 104a, 104b, . . . , 104n, 108, 108a, 108b, . . . , 108n. The switch unit includes a first connection device 120, 230a capable to electrically connect the first switch contact 202a to a predetermined metal plate 104a selected of the most proximal 25% metal plates of the first stack 102.

Abstract: A power supply system for railway traction applications including a multilevel AC/DC converter. The converter comprises a plurality of series-connected single-stage cycloconverters or direct AC frequency converters connected between an AC supply line and a traction transformer. The transformer is operable at a transformer nominal frequency below 3 kHz and above the AC line frequency. On the secondary side of the transformer, more than one parallel-connected secondary converter are provided and connected to a DC link. In case of failure of one of the secondary converters, the multilevel AC/DC converter may continue to operate with reduced power delivered by the remaining operating levels.

Abstract: A power loop has a power-loop emitter and a power-loop receptor located in different housings and connected via a power-loop conductor that is at least partially exterior to both housings. By means of a current transformer inductively coupling the conductor to the emitter or receptor, the power-loop also provides for electrical insulation between the emitter and the receptor. The emitter and receptor being distant from each other offers greater flexibility in the positioning and design of the galvanic separation between the emitter and the receptor or the supplied gate-drive, respectively. For example, the local voltages of converter levels ranging up to the supply voltage of e.g. 21 kV RMS of the multilevel converter can thus be insulated from the global earth potential of the power-loop emitter. Several power-loop receptors can be coupled to the same power-loop conductor to be fed by the same power-loop emitter.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with a power supply system for railway traction applications including a multilevel AC/DC converter. The converter comprises a plurality of series-connected single-stage cycloconverters or direct AC frequency converters connected between an AC supply line and a traction transformer. The transformer is operable at a transformer nominal frequency below 3 kHz and above the AC line frequency. On the secondary side of the transformer, more than one parallel-connected secondary converter are provided and connected to a DC link. In case of failure of one of the secondary converters, the multilevel AC/DC converter may continue to operate with reduced power delivered by the remaining operating levels.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with the provision of the necessary power to the gate-drives controlling the semiconductor devices of a multilevel converter used in railway traction applications. A power loop with a power-loop emitter and a power-loop receptor located in different housings and connected via a power-loop conductor that is at least partially exterior to both housings is proposed. By means of a current transformer inductively coupling the conductor to the emitter or receptor, the power-loop also provides for electrical insulation between the emitter and the receptor. The fact that emitter and receptor are distant from each other offers greater flexibility in the positioning and design of the galvanic separation between the emitter and the receptor or the supplied gate-drive, respectively. In particular, the local voltages of converter levels ranging up to the supply voltage of e.g.