Abstract: Continuous torque transmission, particularly for motor vehicles, comprising a manual transmission (3), driven by a combustion engine (1) by a torque converter (2). This torque transmission comprises a double clutch (4) whose movement inputs are connected to the turbine (9) of said torque converter (2), and whose first movement output is connected to the input of the transmission (3), and whose second movement output is connected to any point of the kinematic chain of said torque transmission, while remaining downstream from the input shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coil 29 exerts an attractive force on a movable plate 30 of magnetic material, within which is mounted a ball 32 of non-magnetic material blocking the end of a passage 33 for the hydraulic fluid. The apparatus also comprises electronic means for supplying the coil 29 by means of a pulsed unidirectional current, the mark/space ratio and mean value of which are subject to control by an operating magnitude represented by an electric control signal. The apparatus can be utilized as a hydraulic potentiometer for the determination of a control pressure proportional to an electric control signal in a hydraulic control circuit of an automatic transmission of industrial vehicles.

Abstract: A first member of a magnetic housing has a core with a central passage and contains an electrical coil, and a second member of the housing has a ball cavity which receives and guides a magnetic ball. A central conduit and peripheral conduits enter the cavity of the second member. When the coil is activated, the magnetic field created thereby moves the ball into contact with the core to close the central passage in the first member, leaving the central and peripheral conduits in communication with each other. When the coil is deactivated, fluid pressure moves the ball to a position where it closes the central conduit so the central passage and the peripheral conduits will be in communication.

Abstract: A transmission with epicyclic trains which includes four epicyclic trains permitting six forward speed ratios and one in reverse. With this transmission it is possible to obtain, by elimination of elements such as an annulus, brake bands or clutches, combinations of three, four and five forward speed ratios and one in reverse and is applicable to automobiles, buses and industrial vehicles.